“一带一路”地区大型超大型金矿床地质背景与成矿作用

摘要

In this paper, geological characteristics of 21 large-superlarge gold deposits in the“One Belt, One Road”region outside China were summarized, and the relationship between the tectonic magma activity and gold mineralization in the process of metallo⁃genesis was discussed based on the plate tectonic theory. These deposits are spatially distributed mainly in the Central Asia-Mongolia metallogenic domain, the middle and eastern of the Tethys-Himalayan metallogenic domain, and the west of the Circum-Pacific metallogenic domain. Devonian and Carboniferous were the peak epochs of meallogenic activities in the Central Asia-Mongolia metallogenic domain, Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene were the peak epochs of meallogenic activities in the Tethys-Himalayan metallogenic domain, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous were the peak epochs of meallogenic activities in the north of western Cir⁃cum-Pacific metallogenic domain, and Neogene was the peak epoch of meallogenic activities in the south. The environment of gold mineralization was closely related to the orogenic belt and island arc belt formed by the process of the plates ’subduction and colli⁃sion. The“One Belt, One Road”region has enormous potential for gold exploration and exploitation as well as rich gold resources and excellent metallogenic conditions.%通过对“一带一路”范围内中国境外21个主要大型超大型金矿的地质特征进行分析比较，运用板块构造理论阐述了在成矿作用过程中构造-岩浆活动与金矿化的时空联系，这些矿床空间上主要分布在中亚-蒙古成矿域、特提斯-喜马拉雅成矿域的中-东段和环太平洋成矿域西环三大成矿域；形成时间上，中亚-蒙古成矿域金成矿作用高峰期为泥盆纪和石炭纪；特提斯成矿域成矿作用高峰期为白垩纪末—古新世初；环太平洋西环成矿域金成矿作用高峰期北部为晚侏罗世—早白垩世，南部为新近纪；从产出环境看，成矿作用主要与板块俯冲、碰撞过程中所形成的造山带和岛弧带密切相关。“一带一路”地区具有丰富的金矿资源，良好的成矿条件，找矿勘查开发潜力巨大。