脊尾白虾全人工繁育技术初步研究

摘要

脊尾白虾是我国沿海地区池塘养殖重要品种,但目前尚未实现全人工繁育,严重制约了产业进一步发展.选取野生脊尾白虾作为亲虾,经过越冬培育、促熟交尾、幼体孵化培育、仔虾选育等手段,进行了脊尾白虾全人工繁育技术研究.试验结果显示,在盐度31.3、水温18.1~26.2 ℃、pH 8.1条件下,室内越冬脊尾白虾亲虾可成功培养至性腺成熟,并交尾抱卵,平均抱卵率达70%,平均孵化率为61.02%.幼体最佳培育密度20尾/L,仔虾适宜养殖密度0.13~0.53尾/L,培育至2 cm时存活率可达80%,继续培育3个月后发育至性成熟.一年可繁殖2~3代.在此基础上建立了脊尾白虾近交家系,现已培育至第6代,各家系繁殖力、生长速度和存活率均未出现近交衰退现象.本研究初步解决了脊尾白虾室内全人工繁育技术,并为试验动物培育奠定了良好的技术基础.%The aim of the present experiment is to provide the artificial breeding technology of ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda, using comprehensive measures such as overwinter culture, promotion of gonadal maturation, larval cultivation, and rearing of post-larvae.The results showed that the ridgetail white prawn were cultivated to be eggs-carrying broodstock at water temperature of 18.1-26.2 ℃, a salinity of 31.3 and pH 8.1, and induced to mate and spawn, with average success rate of 70%, and average hatching rate of 61.02%.The larvae were suitablly developed at density of 20 individual/L, and the post-larvae had suitable density of 0.13-0.53 individual/L, with the survival rate of 80% in the juveniles.The juveniles were cultivated for 80 days when the ovaries were mature.The artificial breeding technology of ridgetail white prawn was first succeeded, breeding 2-3 generations each year.Based on the artificial breeding technology, the 6 generations of ridgetail white prawn were bred, without significant recession of fecundity, growth rate and survival rate in the inbreeding families of ridgetail white prawn.The findings provide a basis for cultivating of ridgetail white prawn as a laboratory animal.