河道溢油事故环境风险评价中若干关键问题探讨

摘要

Oil spill in river is becoming one of the main sudden water pollution incidents,especially in water source areas.It has seriously endangered the environment,economic and people’s health.The impacts of new water projects on surrounding environment after the operation must be evaluated by oil spill risk assessment.Currently,there is no uniform method for oil spill risk assessment and lacks deep analysis.Based on classic theories of oil spill models and statistics theories,some key issues about oil spill source,probability,spread area,risk response time and other problems are investigated to improve the level of oil spill environmental risk assessment.%河道溢油事故已成为内河道突发性水环境污染的主要问题之一,尤其水源地突发性污染事件日益增多,对社会、经济和河道生态环境造成严重的不良影响。新建的水上项目必须通过溢油风险评价来分析项目建设投产后对周边的环境影响,目前溢油风险评价尚无统一的方法,且风险分析不够深入。本文基于国内外经典的油膜动力学模型及统计学等理论,明确溢油事故环境风险评价中事故源强、事故概率、溢油油膜影响范围、风险应急时间以及水厂吸水口关闭时间等几个关键问题的分析方法,以期进一步提高河道溢油事故的环境风险评价水平。