Urat Desert-grassland Research Station Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Academy of Sciences 730000;
Naiman Desertification Research Station Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Academy of Sciences 730000;
Ecological Environmental Supervision and Administration Bureau of Gansu Province 730020;
Institute of BioEconomy−National Research Council(IBE-CNR) Fiorentino 50019;
litter mass loss; fragile ecosystems; ARID; SEMI-ARID; hot-deserts; cold-deserts;