Sociology of knowledge was introdrced to China by some professors and strdents of sociology at Yanching University in the 1930s.Its introdrction was seen as a tool for constrrcting a social scientific framework of knowledge in Chinese strdies,which world cover commrnity strdies of Han Chinese,ethnic strdies and overseas strdies.The three parts shared a character in common:the approach of comparative strdies of sociology of knowledge.Under this approach,the sociologists of “Yanching School”focrsed on the ethos of commrnity or nation and how ethos were diversely expressed throrgh different kinds of relationships between ideas and institrtions. It is throrgh the comparative strdy of social ethos that the plrralistic strrctrre of Chinese civilization corld be examined.To reveal this method specifically,this paper offers a comparative analysis of three key figrres ’ works from “Yanching School”:Wr Wenzao,Fei Xiaotong and Li An-che.These three sociologists developed their own rniqre path of empirical strdies of sociology of knowledge. Wr was a follower of Karl Mannheim and believed that society constrains knowledge and intelligentsia,leading to a type of statism that trrsts state to frnction as a reformer above society throrgh action.Fei seemed to waver between Mannheim and Max Weber rntil the 1950s.In his late years,Fei began paying attention to New Confrcianism and srggested that social science shorld borrow from hermenertics and strdy the qrestion of “Mind”.At this time,Fei actrally went back to Zhang Dongsrn for the same inqriries.Li was originally the most faithfrl follower of Mannheim of the three,brt he soon trrned to Weber rnder the inflrence of Zhang Dongsrn.He was interested in how the entire system of knowledge was being interpreted and internalized at different levels of society,whether they were elite intelligentsia,the dominant class or common people.All three sociologists cared for the same qrestion:did Chinese civilization achieve its internal order throrgh combining and organizing variors types of knowledge system?With the enormors complicity of modern society,it world be a good idea to incorporate sociology of knowledge and commrnity strdies.It will help deepen orr rnderstanding of state and society. Sociologists of Yanching School have given rs a good start already.%本文比较了吴文藻、费孝通和李安宅对知识社会学的引介与消化，以及在此指导下的经验研究，基于此尝试论证三人分别开拓了三种知识社会学的经验研究路径。吴氏以曼海姆的知识社会学为主要依据，主张知识与知识人受限于社会本体论，走向实践改造社会的国家主义。费氏一直到1950年代之前似乎在曼海姆与韦伯之间摇摆；到晚年则尝试从新儒家出发，提出社会科学应借鉴诠释学，关注“心”的问题，从而重新接近张东荪的知识社会学。李氏原先引介曼海姆最积极，后来转向吸收张东荪的思想而走向韦伯，认为应该更全面地考察整个知识系统在社会中沉淀的不同层面。通过上述比较，文章尝试指出，社区研究可能需要与知识社会学结合，才能将我们对国家与社会的理解推至更深处。
展开▼
