统计能量法计算水下圆柱壳辐射噪声准确性的验证与分析

摘要

[目的]统计能量法(SEA)是解决结构高频振动与声辐射问题的有效方法,但是该方法通常假定流体为"轻质流体",在分析水中结构时其计算结果可能不准确.[方法]分别运用SEA方法和有限元耦合边界元法(FEM/BEM)计算水下圆柱壳模型的辐射声压级,以验证SEA预报水下圆柱壳辐射噪声的准确性.运用SEA计算不同的子系统划分方式和不同的内损耗因子误差时圆柱壳的辐射声压级,分析影响SEA计算结果准确性的因素.[结果]在400 Hz以下时SEA和FEM/BEM的计算结果相差很大,在400 Hz以上基本一致;不同子系统的划分方式造成的误差在5 dB左右;内损耗因子误差100%时造成的误差在2~3 dB.[结论]通过研究发现,在模态密度足够时可以使用SEA计算水下圆柱壳的辐射噪声,对于低频沿周向划分子系统不可靠,可能导致计算结果不准确;对于高频沿周向划分子系统比沿轴向划分子系统得出的计算结果更准确;对于能量高的子系统其内损耗因子误差对仿真结果影响更大,应采取更精确的方式确定其内损耗因子.研究结果对于运用SEA研究水下结构振动与噪声问题有一定参考价值.%Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA)is an effective method for solving high frequency structural vibration and acoustic radiation problems. When we use it to analyze submerged structures, it is necessary to consider the actions of fluid as 'heavy fluid' relative to structures, which differs from when it is used in the air. The simple model of a submerged cylindrical shell is used to calculate at a higher frequency using FEM/BEM. The SEA and FEM method are then used to calculate the radiation sound pressure level, verifying the accuracy of the SEA prediction for submerged structures. The classified method of subsystems and the effect of the error of the internal loss factor on the accuracy of the results are explored. The calculated results of SEA and FEM/ BEM are very different below 400 Hz, and basically the same above 400 Hz. The error caused by the division of different subsystems is about 5 dB. The error in the calculation results caused by the error of the internal loss factor is 2-3 dB. It is possible to use SEA to calculate the radiated noise of an underwater cylindrical shell when the modal density is high enough.For the cylindrical shell, dividing the subsystems along the circumference is not reliable at a low frequency, as it may lead to inaccurate calculation results. At a high frequency, it is more accurate to divide the subsystems along the circumference than the axle. For subsystems with high energy, the internal loss factor has a greater effect on the simulation results, so a more accurate way should be taken to determine the internal loss factor of subsystems with high energy.