Aiming at the current lack of analytical research concerning the cylindrical shell-flow field coupling vibration and sound radiation system under the influence of a free surface, this paper proposes an analytical method which solves the vibration response and far-field acoustic radiation of a finite cylindrical shell immersed at a finite depth. Based on the image method and Graf addition theorem, the analytical expression of the fluid velocity potential can be obtained, then combined with the energy functional of the variation method to deduce the shell-liquid coupling vibration equation, which can in turn solve the forced vibration response. The research shows that, compared with an infinite fluid, a free surface can increase at the same order of resonance frequency;but as the depth of immersion gradually increases, the mean square vibration velocity tends to become the same as that in an infinite fluid. Compared with numerical results from Nastran software, this shows that the present method is accurate and reliable, and has such advantages as a simple method and a small amount of calculation. The far-field radiated pressure can be obtained by the vibration response using the Fourier transformation and stationary phase method. The results indicate that the directivity and volatility of the far-field acoustic pressure of a cylindrical shell is similar to that of an acoustical dipole due to the free surface. However, the far-field acoustic pressure is very different from the vibration characteristics, and will not tend to an infinite fluid as the submerging depth increases. Compared with the numerical method, the method in this paper is simpler and has a higher computational efficiency. It enables the far-field acoustic radiation of an underwater cylindrical shell to be predicted quickly under the influence of external incentives and the free surface, providing guiding significance for acoustic research into the half space structure vibration problem.%[目的]针对目前对于自由液面影响下圆柱壳—流场耦合系统振动及声辐射解析研究的匮乏,提出一种有限浸没深度下有限长圆柱壳振动及远场声辐射的解析求解方法.[方法]采用镜像原理和Graf加法定理得到流体速度势的解析表达式,然后再结合能量泛函变分方法推导出计及自由液面影响的壳—液耦合振动方程,从而可以求解系统受迫振动响应.[结果]研究表明,相比于无限域,自由液面的存在会增大同阶次共振频率,但随着浸没深度的逐渐增加,均方振速很快趋于无限域工况.与Nastran软件计算结果对比表明所提出的方法准确、可靠,且具有方法简便、计算量小的优点.利用求得的振动响应,通过傅里叶变换和稳相法可得到远场辐射声压,计算结果表明,自由液面会使得远场声压指向性和波动性出现类偶极子效应;但是不同于振动特性,远场声压并不会随浸没深度增大而很快趋于无限域工况.[结论]所提出的方法实现了外力激励下计及自由液面影响的水下圆柱壳远场声辐射快速预报,对于半空间结构声振问题的研究具有一定的指导意义.
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