不同水底介质对有限域中装药沉底爆炸特性的影响

摘要

通过开展装药沉底爆炸原理性实验研究，得到了不同水底条件对装药沉底爆炸气泡运动和冲击波压力的影响规律：沉底装药水下爆炸气泡通常呈半球形，依附在水底并同时急剧膨胀达到最大半径，随后气泡做收缩运动并连带水底介质颗粒迅速上浮，同时形状发生显著变化，如在石底和泥底时气泡在水底射流的作用下呈蘑菇状上浮，砂底时气泡则呈现出柱状上浮、未出现明显脉动运动即已坍塌破裂；沉底爆炸与水底介质发生强烈耦合作用而形成不同程度的反射波，通常水下石底的反射冲击波较泥底和砂底更强烈，且一般迭加后的冲击波峰值压力高于入射波阵面压力；不同水底介质条件下，装药与水底发生的强烈耦合作用均对水底造成强冲击破坏。%In order to research the effects of different grounds on the shock wave propagation and the general laws of the bubble motion of underwater explosion from a bottom charge, principle experiments of underwater explosion were conducted in a water tank. Several physical phenomena observed such as bubble jetting and bubble migration from the different grounds were discussed. It is suggested that the shape and dynamic behavior of bubble have great dependence on the ground properties. Furthermore,underwater explosion from a bottom charge usually causes serious damage to the bottom, and the reflected wave is sometimes stronger than the incident shock wave such as for the rock ground.