氢能是公认的清洁能源,它具有储运方便、利用途径多样、高利用率及来源广泛等特点,可为解决能源危机、全球变暖和环境污染提供帮助.当前,一些发达国家已将氢能列为国家能源体系中的重要组成部分,我国在氢能的研究及产业化方面也投入巨大.本文综合考虑氢能在能源和化工领域的应用,较为全面地总结了氢能作为清洁能源在燃料电池汽车、分布式发电、燃料电池叉车和应急电源,作为能源载体在可再生能源消纳以及作为重要化工原料在油品质量升级和煤制清洁能源各方面的国内外利用现状,分析明确了氢清洁能源的利用是目前推动氢能发展的主要动力,氢能源载体的利用有助于可再生能源和氢能的协同发展,而氢化工原料的利用则是目前最有希望实现氢能规模化利用的有效途径,同时指出氢的制取、储运和燃料电池技术依然是制约氢能发展的关键因素.%Hydrogen is widely recognized as clean energy. It can be stored and transported conveniently,utilized in multiple ways and efficiently,and also has rich resources,which makes it a real help for resolving energy crisis,environment pollution and global warming. At present,hydrogen is classified as an important part of the national energy structure in some developed countries. In China,enormous investments have been made in research and industrialization associated with hydrogen. In this paper,hydrogen applications in energy and chemical sectors are considered and the utilization of hydrogen in China and abroad is presented. Hydrogen is used in fuel-cell vehicles, distributed power generation,fuel-cell forklifts and emergency power supplies as clean energy. It is used in renewable energy consumption as energy carrier and in oil upgrading and clean coal as feedstock. The use as clean energy is the primary way to promote hydrogen development and the use as energy carrier can contribute to coordinated development of renewable energy and hydrogen. Under current conditions,the use as feedstock is a promising way to achieve large-scale utilization of hydrogen. Besides,the production,storage and transportation of hydrogen and fuel cell technology are still the barriers which restrict hydrogen development.
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