石脑油萃取脱芳烃技术研究进展

摘要

现有的萃取脱芳烃工艺技术成熟，种类多，工业应用广，但在处理低芳烃含量的石脑油（质量分数小于15%）时普遍存在能耗高、经济效益低等问题。本文回顾了萃取脱芳烃的多种工艺，重点讨论了常规溶剂和离子液体对石脑油中芳烃的萃取效果，认为常规溶剂中的环丁砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮以及复合溶剂环丁砜(水)-三甘醇、环丁砜(水)-N-甲基吡咯烷酮、环丁砜-2-丙醇、RAH-1脱芳烃效果优异，能为改进目前的石脑油萃取脱芳烃工艺提供基础数据；离子液体中咪唑类离子液体如1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氯化铁等，有潜力用于低芳烃的石脑油萃取脱芳中，指出开发能够对复杂原料中低含量芳烃萃取的新型离子液体将会是以后的研究方向。%A variety of extraction technologies for dearomatization at present are mature and used widely in industry. However,high energy consumption and low economic benefits are the problem in dealing with naphtha feed with low aromatics content (mass fraction less than 15%). Extraction technologies for dearomatization are reviewed,focusing on extraction efficiency of conventional solvents and ionic liquids for aromatics in naphtha. Conventional solvents,such as sulfolane,N-methyl pyrrolidone and composite solvents,such as sulfolane (water)-triethylene glycol,sulfolane (water)-N-methyl pyrrolidone,sulfolane-2-propanol and RAH-1 display excellent results in deep dearomatization of straight-run naphtha. Those researches can be used as underlying data for the current processes. Imidazole ionic liquids,such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide,1-butyl-3-methy-limidazolium tetrachloroforrate have more potential use in dearomatization process for naphtha of low aromatics by extraction. Therefore,development of new ionic liquids which can extract aromatics from complex feeds with low aromatic contents will be the new trend.