南天山西部山前新生代晚期三期构造活动:来自乌鲁克恰提剖面砾石统计的证据

摘要

天山是印度与欧亚板块碰撞过程中,欧亚大陆内重新复活的一条重要的造山带,其拓展过程一直备受关注.南天山西部山前新生代晚期巨厚的砾岩层为构造变形和磁性地层研究带来了困难,限制了该地区新生代晚期造山带拓展过程的研究.本文选取南天山西部山前乌鲁克恰提剖面,对新生代晚期的阿图什组和西域组地层进行详细的描述、测量,并对砾石出露点进行砾石统计.结果显示南天山西部山前乌鲁克恰提地区新生代晚期阿图什组存在3期沉积旋回,第一旋回由冲积扇远端、河流相变为该旋回上部的冲积扇扇中沉积环境.砾石统计结果显示由该旋回中部至上部砾石磨圆度变差、大粒径砾石增多.第二旋回沉积环境以较为平静的湖相及少许河流相开始,变为该旋回上部的冲积扇环境.砾石统计结果也显示出与第一旋回相似的变化特征,即由该旋回中部至上部砾石磨圆度变差、大粒径砾石增多.第三旋回下部为冲积扇远端、冲积扇扇中环境,上部变为扇根环境.砾石统计显示该旋回下部至上部,火成岩和变质岩等不稳定成分增多,磨圆度则呈现棱角状砾石显著增多的趋势,砾石粒径也明显增大.西域组则延续第三旋回的趋势,表现为山前快速堆积砾石沉积,砾石磨圆、分选呈显著变差趋势,粒径持续变大.从阿图什组第一旋回至西域组,砾石的磨圆度呈现变差的趋势,而粒径则表现为明显的增大趋势,这表明晚新生代(5.6Ma以来),褶皱冲断带不断向盆地拓展,物源区距离沉积区越来越近.这些结果表明南天山西部山前新生代晚期(5.6Ma以来)存在3期构造活动,为南天山山前晚新生代的多期拓展提供了证据.%Tian Shan plays a significant role in our knowledge of Cenozoic rejuvenation and growth of intra-continental orogens in Asia during the collision between the India and Eurasian plates. Thick conglomerate brings obstacle for structural and magnetostratigraphic analysis, which obstructs the understanding of Late Cenozoic propagation of fold and fault belts. We present here our new investigations on sedimentary measurement and description and gravel counting of Late Cenozoic sediments (Artushi Formation and Xiyu Formation) in piedmont Wulukeqiati sedimentary succession. The results indicate three individual sedimentary cycles, within each of which the sedimentary environment transfers from low-to high-energy. Consistent with the sedimentary features, the gravels show angular trend in psephicity and increasing trend in grain size within each single cycle. These evidences imply that the piedmont fold and fault belt propagates basinwardly, resulting to shorter and shorter distance between the sedimentary source region to the depositional area. The results generally suggest three separate tectonisms in western South Tian Shan, which provide new constraints on the mountain growth in this region.