青藏高原湖泊遥感信息提取及湖面动态变化趋势研究

摘要

青藏高原湖泊星罗棋布,是我国盐湖主要分布区.本文以RS和GIS技术为基础,从Landsat的MSS、TM、ETM三期遥感影像中,提取了青藏高原的所有湖泊信息,建立了我国盐湖空间数据库.用ArcGIS对盐湖空间数据进行统计和空间分析,从时间和空间上分析青藏高原从70年代到2000年左右湖泊湖面动态变化情况.同时,在青海和西藏分别选取了面积较大的代表性湖泊,结合现有观测数据和研究成果,分析了其动态变化情况.根据湖面变化趋势,本文将青藏高原湖泊分为三个动态变化区:西藏西南部为稳定萎缩区,青海北部为萎缩区,西藏东北部大部分地区和青海南部为稳定扩张区.%The Tibetan Plateau has rich lake resources, which is the main distribution area of salinlakes. The authors extracted all lakes on the Tibetan Plateau from MSS, TM and ETM of Landsat based on RS and GIS. Through a statistical analysis of lake spatial data using ArcGIS, the authors detected the dynamic changes of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau from the 1970's to 2000 or so in the light of time and space. Meanwhile, some representative large lakes in Qinghai and Tibet were selected to analyze the dynamic changes of every lake based on observed data and existing research results. According to the change types, the lakes in the Tibetan Plateau can be divided into three areas: southwest Tibet is a steady and atrophy area, north Qinghai is an expansion area, and most part of northeast Tibet and north Qinghai is a steady and expansion area.