The Urumqi River basin is one of the typical inland basins in arid northwestern China, and also the focus area of regional hydrogeological research. The soil salinization problem exists in the northern plain of the river basin. The evolution of the chemical composition of groundwater has important significance for deepening the study of soil salinization, rational utilization and protection of water resources. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotope in northern plain of the Urumqi River basin were analyzed according to the method of some tracers, such as the anions, cations, and environmental isotope, in combination with the geological background. The authors hold that there extensively exist dissolved evaporates of surface water in northern plain, which are related to the increasingly arid climate since Late Holocene (B.P. 4000 years). Three types of groundwater in the area were distinguished: present water (21~65 m in depth) from infiltration recharge of the Urumqi River, water of Late Holocene (179~259 m in depth) from the precipitation infiltration, and water of Late Pleistocene starting with the last glacial period (depth: ~353 m) also from the precipitation infiltration.%乌鲁木齐河流域是西北干旱地区内流盆地的典型代表，也是水文地质研究的重点区域。本次研究利用以往工作的资料，并在流域下游北部平原区采集地下水和地表水样品21组，用无机离子作为示踪剂，结合环境同位素的分析，提出乌鲁木齐河流域平原区的地表水普遍溶解有蒸发盐，与晚全新世(近4000年)以来我国西北地区气候不断变得干旱有关；并将北部平原区的地下水划分为三层不同水体：现代水(埋深21~65 m)是乌鲁木齐河河水经蒸发后入渗补给的，而下面二层水为晚全新世初期(埋深179~259 m)和晚更新世末次冰期(埋深~353 m)补给的水都是原地的降水入渗。
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