声明
摘要
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
1.0 Introduction
1.1 The role of nitrogen cycle
1.1.1 Nitrification
1.1.2 Denitrification
1.2 Anammox bacteria
1.2.1 Habitat and diversity of anammox bacteria
1.2.2 Anammox bacterial phylogeny
1.2.3 Cell growth,physiology and metabolism of anammox bacteria
1.3 Effects of physicochemical parameters on anammox bacteria
1.3.1 Ammonium
1.3.2 Nitrite
1.3.3 Oxygen
1.3.4 Organic matter
1.3.5 Salinity
1.3.6 Temperature
1.4 Detection methods for anammox bacteria
1.4.1 Enrichment of anammox bacteria
1.4.2 Isotope pairing technique
1.4.3 Lipid analysis for anammox detection
1.4.4 Microsensors
1.4.5 Confocal Raman microscopy
1.4.6.Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)
1.5 Molecular methods for anammox bacterial detection
1.5.1 Phylogenetic analysis by 16S rRNA gene
1.5.2 Phylogenetic analysis by functional gene biomarkers
1.5.3 Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)
1.5.4 Single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP)
1.5.5 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP)
1.5.6 Quantitative PCR Analysis
1.5.7 The use of Metagenome
1.6 Introduction to study sites
1.6.1 Marginal Sea of China
1.6.2 Second studied sites(Yellow Sea and East China Sea)
1.7 Significance of study
Chapter 2 Detection of novel phylotypes and diversity,community composition and abundance of anammox Dacteria from sediments of the north marginal seas of China
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Material and Methods
2.1.1 Sampling and physiochemicai analysis
2.1.2 DNA extraction,amplification,cloning,sequencing and phylogenetic analyses
2.1.3 Quantitative PCR assay
2.1.4 Statistical analyses
2.2 Results
2.2.1 Characterization of sediments of study sites
2.2.2 Amplification and identification of anammox bacteria
2.2.3 Anammox bacterial phylogeny by 16S rRNA gene
2.2.4 Anammox phylogeny by Hzo protein sequences
2.2.5 Anammox bacterial diversity and distribution based on 16S rRNA gene and hzo gene sequences
2.2.6 Abundance of anammox bacteria
2.3 Discussion
2.3.1 Anammox bacterial diversity and distribution in sediments of marginal seas
2.3.2 Phylogeny by 16S rRNA gene and hzo gene sequences
2.3.3 Anammox bacterial abundance and community structure
Chapter 3 Molecular detection of Ca.Scalindua flavia and analysis of anammox bacterial community structure in sediments of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Material and Methods
3.1.1 Area description,sample collection and determination of chemical properties
3.1.2 DNA extraction,PCR amplification
3.1.3 Cloning and Sequencing
3.1.4 Phylogenetic analyses
3.1.5 Statistical analyses
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Environmental parameters of studied area
3.2.2 Diversity and phylogenetic analyses of anammox bacteria using the 16S rRNA gene
3.2.3 Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Hzo protein sequences
3.2.4 Spatial distribution and community structure of anammox bacteria
3.3 Discussion
4.0 General Summary of Thesis
4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Innovations
References
Appendices
Acknowledgement
Biogeographical Sketch
List of Publications