Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Forestry in Tajikistan

摘要

Tajikistan is mountainous agricultural country and its sustainable development depends on proper farming and livestock. The mountainous territory of Tajikistan includes the highest system called the Pamirs -Alai which is continuation of Hindu-Kush Himalayas. 93% of Tajikistan territory is covered mountains.97.9% of the territory of the republic is subjected to soil degradation, although in 1973 the last index comes to 68%, that is the last 25 years total areas of the eroded lands increased by 30%. During 60-80th years many soil degradation problems were investigated. However, a lot of questions of the dynamic processes (particularity desertification) for the mountainous territory still remain unstudied and require the detailed exploration using modern methods and application space photos. These questions are of principle meaning in the process of projecting anti-erosion measures and solution of the social- economic problems. In the mountain ecosystem the forests play very important role. Desertification and sustainable agricultural development depend on forest of cover. The total area of the forests which plenitude 0.3-0.6 makes up 3% from total examined territory. Existing forests have the soil protective, water guarding and water regulated significance. All forests of Tajikistan are practically referred to the first group. The mountain forests are situated in all climatic- geomorphologic- natural zones. The upper boundary of forest comes 33100 m above the sea level. Tamarix, Haloxyon, Populus, Elacaghus, Salsola etc. are growing in the valley zone. Pistacia, Cercis, Amygdalus, Cerasus, Rhus etc. are growing in the low mountain zone. Jiniperus, Yuglans, Rebus, Prunus, Malus, Aegopodium, Fraxinus are growing in the middle mountain and high mountain zones. Some species, trees and shrubbery (Hyppophae, Salis, Betula, Zizymphus, Acer etc.) grow in the several high natural zones.