Reducing of Amaranthus retroflexus seed dormancy by stratification, ethephon, gibberellic acid and nitric oxide evolved from acidified nitrite

摘要

Primary seed dormancy is common in wild plants; it may ensure ability of species to survive natural catastrophes and decrease competition between individuals of the same species. It allows seeds of numerous weeds to persist in soil for many years. Seed dormancy can be released during burial, cold stratification, dry storage or by plant hormones. Nitric oxide can also remove dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and barley grains (Bethke et al 2004). Amaranthus retroflexus is important weed, which infests soil in many parts of the world, including Poland. Earlier studies have shown that burial, ethylene, ethephon, precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, ACC and gibberellic acid could remove dormancy in these seeds (K^pczyriski et al 2012). Aim of the present study was to determine the effects of (1) ethephon, gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) applied after various periods of stratification and (2) nitric oxide, released from acidified nitrite, and NO combined with specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1 -oxyl-3 oxide (c-PTIO) on germination of dormant Amaranthus retroflexus seeds in the light.