The notion of phases in a mixture theory is presented. Three examples are provided to illustrate the versatility of the framework to different physical contexts. Next, emphasis is laid on chemically active saturated clays in a two-phase framework. The phases and the species they contain are endowed with geometrical, mass, stress and strain properties. The solid phase contains clay particles, absorbed water and dissolved ions, Na{sup}+, K{sup}+ and Cl{sup}-.The fluid phase, or pore water, contains free water and the same ionic species. Water and ions can transfer between the two phases. In addition, they diffuse through the porous medium. A global understanding of all phenomena, mass transfer, diffusion/advection and deformation is provided.
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