Hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, colon and pancreatic carcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: epidemiology and risk factors

摘要

Parker and Kendall first described the association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and cholangiocarcinoma in 19541. Later, in 1971, Converse et al. found that bile duct carcinoma in UC most commonly occurs in patients with preexisting primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)2. Today we know that PSC can be complicated by cholangiocarcinoma, gall bladder carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increased risk for cholangiocarcinoma in PSC is well established but the prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma varies in different studies between 5% and 20%.