摘要：
Objective To analyze the acoustic features of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD),and to explore the correlation between the acoustic features and the severity and course of disease.Methods Fifty-two patients with PD from the Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical University and the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from August to December 2015 were enrolled into this study.Thirty-two age-matched healthy people served as control group.PD patients were tested with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging.And all the patients were tested with Mini-Mental State Examiantion (MMSE) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI).The voice samples of all subjects were collected and the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer),and harmonic-to-noise ratio (NHR) were analyzed using a vocal assessment.Fundamental frequency (F0),standard deviation of fundamental frequency (SDF0) and formant ratio (F2i/F2u) were analyzed using a real-time speech measuring instrument.The acoustic parameters of the two groups were compared and the correlation between the parameters of the patients and the disease and course of disease was analyzed.Results Subjective assessment using VHI showed a total of 24 VHI abnormalities (46％) in the PD group,including 13 males (54％),11 females (46％).No VHI abnormalities were found in the control group.Among the parameters analyzed by objective acoustic method,compared with the control group (female/a/1.43(1.19,1.92),/i/3.39(1.49,9.85),/u/1.46(1.23,3.85);male/a/1.06(0.92,1.89),/u/1.30(1.07,1.64)),the SDF0 of the three vowels of the female patients in the PD group (/a/2.99(1.81,4.12),Z=5.429,P＜0.01;/i/10.89(5.47,22.20),Z=8.487,P＜0.01;/u/5.16(3.75,7.80),Z=7.138,P＜0.01) and /a/ and /u/ of the male patients in the PD group (/a/2.16(1.73,2.94),Z=4.858,P=0.002;/u/3.70(2.41,5.43),Z=7.664,P＜0.01) were significantly increased,and the F2i/F2u in the PD group (male 1.96±0.84,female 1.81± 1.14) was lower than that in the control group (male 3.48±0.70,female 4.14± 1.08),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.669,-6.844,P＜0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in frequency perturbation,amplitude perturbation,harmonic noise ratio and fundamental frequency.Only the fundamental frequency standard deviation of the sound parameters used in the study was correlated with the disease course of PD patients.After the severity of the disease was assessed by H-Y staging,the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer) in the middle and late stage patients were higher than those in the early stage patients,and the difference of frequency perturbation in the three vowels was statistically significant,and the difference of amplitude perturbation in the vowels/i/and/u/was statistically significant.No correlation was found between the acoustic parameters and UPDRS score.Conclusions Consonance disorders are common in PD patients,and the changes in acoustic parameters are mainly manifested as the increase in the SDF0 and the decrease in the F2i/F2u.Acoustic parameters can be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the condition and course of PD patients,and further language tasks need to be added to clarify.%目的 分析帕金森病患者的声学特征,探索声学参数与病情和病程之间的相关性.方法 选择2015年8-12月在同济大学附属同济医院和上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院诊断为帕金森病的患者52例作为病例组,并选择同期在两所医院进行健康体检的年龄相匹配的健康人32名作为对照.入组后,对帕金森病患者给予统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级评定量表评估,对帕金森病组和对照组均同时给予简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、声音障碍指数(Voice Handicap Index,VHI)的评估.采集所有研究对象的声音样本,使用嗓音功能检测仪分析频率微扰、振幅微扰、谐噪比值,使用实时言语测量仪分析基频、基频标准差和共振峰比值(F2i/F2u).比较两组研究对象的声学参数特征,并分析帕金森病患者声学参数特征与病情和病程的相关性.结果 帕金森病组52例中共有24例(46％)VHI异常,其中男性13例(54％),女性11例(46％).与对照组[女性/a/1.43(1.19,1.92)、/i/3.39(1.49,9.85)、/u/1.46(1.23,3.85),男性/a/1.06(0.92,1.89)、/u/1.30(1.07,1.64)]比较,帕金森病组女性患者3个元音基频标准差[/a/2.99(1.81,4.12),Z=5.429,P＜0.01;/i/10.89(5.47,22.20),Z=8.487,P＜0.01;/u/5.16(3.75,7.80),Z=7.138,P＜0.01]和男性患者的元音/a/、/u/的基频标准差[/a/2.16(1.73,2.94),Z=4.858,P=0.002;/u/3.70(2.41,5.43),Z=7.664,P＜0.01]均显著升高.帕金森病组的F2i/F2u(男性1.96±0.84,女性1.81±1.14)较对照组(男性3.48±0.70,女性4.14±1.08)均降低,差异均具有统计学意义(t=-6.669、-6.844,均P＜0.01).频率微扰、振幅微扰、谐噪比、基频两组间差异均无统计学意义.研究采用的声音参数中只有基频标准差与帕金森病患者病程有相关性.以H-Y分级评定疾病严重程度后,频率微扰值和振幅微扰值在中晚期患者均高于早期患者,频率微扰在3个元音中的差异均有统计学意义,振幅微扰在元音/i/、/u/中的差异有统计学意义.各声学参数与UPDRS评分之间均未发现存在相关性.结论 帕金森病患者普遍存在构音障碍,声学参数变化主要表现为基频标准差升高、F2i/F2u下降;声学参数可能作为评估帕金森病患者病情变化的指标.
