摘要：
Cotton yield is divided into seed cotton yield and lint yield. High lint yield is always the primary breeding goal in cot-ton. Lint yield consists of three components, including boll number per plant, lint percentage and boll weight. Of them, lint per-centage has the highest heritability and is a most important target in breeding for increasing lint yield. Selection of yield compo-nents such as boll number and boll weight is easily affected by environmental factors in temporary segregating populations. It is testified that it is one of efficient methods to map the yield component QTLs and develop the elite lines in molecular breeding by using chromosome segment introgression lines (CSILs). In the present study, we developed a set of CSILs using G. hirsutumacc TM-1 as a recurrent parent and G. barbadense cv. Hai 7124 as a non-recurrent parent through the molecular markers as-sisted-selection. Here, we identified 28 QTLs for yield components under seven environments. Much more QTLs were enriched on Dt subgenome than on At subgenome. The chromosome segments introgressed from G. barbadense have different effects on yields in G. hirsutum background. There were 16 QTLs showing positive additive effects, implying these chromosome segments introgressed from G. barbadense could be used to improve yield components, while 12 QTLs showing negative additive effects, decreasing yield components. Lint percentage in IL008 line anchored with the SSR markers NAU2573 and NAU3576 was sig-nificantly higher than that of the recurrent parent TM-1 under six environments. Therefore, the CSIL IL008 could be used in mo-lecular breeding to improve the lint yield in G. hirsutum.%棉花产量分为籽棉产量和皮棉产量,其中高皮棉产量总是育种的首要目标.皮棉产量由单株铃数、衣分、单铃重等因素组成.其中衣分在各因素中的遗传率最高,同时也是产量育种中重要的选择指标.育种中利用分离群体对单株铃数、铃重等产量性状选择受环境影响较大.利用染色体片段导入系进行铃数、铃重等产量性状的定位,定向改良产量性状,是棉花分子设计育种的有效方法.本研究利用陆地棉TM-1为轮回亲本和海岛棉海7124为非轮回亲本构建了一套陆地棉背景的染色体片段导入系,并在7个环境的田间试验下,鉴定了它们的产量表现,定位了28个与单株铃数、铃重、衣分和籽指相关的QTL.其中,在Dt亚组染色体上鉴定出的产量性状QTL多于在At亚组染色体上鉴定出的.28个QTL中,加性效应为正的16个,加性效应为负的12个,表明海岛棉不同的导入片段效应不同,有的片段可以提高陆地棉产量,有的则降低陆地棉产量.在6个环境下,导入系IL008(特征标记NAU2573和NAU3576)的衣分均显著高于轮回亲本TM-1,因此IL008可以应用于棉花分子育种,定向改良陆地棉的衣分.
