lymphoma

摘要： Hematolymphoid malignancies are common neoplasms in childhood.The involvement of the gastrointestinal(GI)tract,liver,biliary system,pancreas,and peritoneum are closely interlinked and commonly encountered.In leukemias,lymphomas,and Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH),the manifestations result from infiltration,compression,overwhelmed immune system,and chemotherapyinduced drug toxicities.In acute leukemias,major manifestations are infiltrative hepatitis,drug induced gastritis,neutropenic typhlitis and chemotherapy related pancreatitis.Chronic leukemias are rare.Additional presentation in lymphomas is cholestasis due to infiltration or biliary obstruction by lymph nodal masses.Presence of ascites needs a thorough workup for the underlying pathophysiology that may modify the therapy and affect the outcome.Uncommon hematolymphoid malignancies are primary hepatic,hepatosplenic,and GI lymphomas which have strict definitions.In advanced diseases with extensive spread,it may be impossible to distinguish these diseases from the primary site of origin.LCH produces biliary strictures that mimic as sclerosing cholangitis.Liver infiltration is associated with poor liver recovery even after chemotherapy.The heterogeneity of gut and liver manifestations in hematolymphoid malignancies has a clinical impact on their management.Though chemotherapy is the mainstay of therapy in all hematolymphoid malignancies,debulking surgery and radiotherapy have an adjuvant role in specific clinical scenarios.Rare situations presenting as liver failure or end-stage liver disease require liver transplantation.At their initial presentation to a primary care physician,given the ambiguity in clinical manifestations and the prognostic difference with time-bound management,it is vital to recognize them early for optimal outcomes.Pooled data from robust registries across the world is required for better understanding of these complications.

摘要： We present a rare case of nasal-type CD56-negative NK/T-cell lymphoma.The patient developed hemophagocytic syndrome during diagnosis and treatment.The patient presented to our hospital(Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China)with“nasal congestion for 3 months and scattered erythema,nodules,and ulcers all over the body for 1 month.”We analyzed clinical manifestations,skin histopathology,immunohistochemistry,and in situ hybridization results.Histopathology of the skin revealed a moderate amount of atypical lymphocyte infiltration between the entire dermis and collagen bundles.Immunohistochemistry showed the following:CD30(+),TIA-1(+),CD3(2GV6)(+),CD5 part(+),CD8 part(+),CD43(+),CD56(-),CD4(-),CD20(-),PAX5(-),PCK(-),P63(-),P40(-),EGFR(-),Ki-67(the hot spot LI is approximately 80%),and in situ hybridization EBER-ROCH(+).The diagnosis made was“NK/T cell lymphoma nasal type”.This type of lymphoma is aggressive,progresses quickly,and has a poor prognosis.Early clinical manifestations are extremely atypical,especially in the absence of rash.Analysis of the skin manifestations of the disease has a positive effect on its early diagnosis,early treatment,and prognosis.

摘要： BACKGROUND The association of Sjögren's syndrome(SS)and lymphoma is similar.Mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)or extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma was the most common lymphomatous histology in SS patients.MALT in SS patients is frequently located in the parotid gland,while MALT lymphoma of the skin with SS is an exceedingly rare entity that needs to be recognized.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of progressive dry mouth associated with a 1-year history of enlarging cutaneous nodules.Physical examination revealed two hard subcutaneous nodules on her right lower leg.The results of Schirmer’s test were positive,despite the absence of dry eyes.Labial salivary gland biopsy revealed lymphocytic infiltration and chronic inflammation with a focus score of 2.The patient was diagnosed with SS.She underwent resection of one cutaneous nodule,and histopathological analysis identified the nodule as MALT lymphoma.Her dry mouth symptoms improved,and the nodules decreased after 6 mo of treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chemotherapy(thalidomide,cyclophosphamide,and dexamethasone).CONCLUSION Lymphoma is a severe complication of SS,shown by the reported unique case of cutaneous MALT lymphoma with SS.

摘要： Context: Positron emission tomography is a nuclear medicine imaging that deals with physiological function using radioisotopes. With the most PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanners in integration with the CT scanners of late, this technology has registered phenomenal growth. The small amount of radioactive material is called Radiotracers. Objective: Like 18F- Fluro-deoxy-2-glucose has widely used. In this article, the author introduced clinical applications of PET out of 25 patients who studied hypermetabolic lesions in lymph nodes. Methods: PET imaging is coincidence imaging which is different from the other imaging technique PET image formed from multiple rings of detector crystals. Each decay positron travel in tissue annihilation reaction is going on. FDG is the most commonly used radiotracer to detect and stage various types of malignancies. Result: The field of PET/CT imaging cares for many oncology patients. PET improved localization of malignant lesions. It improved staging biopsy and therapy. Conclusion: Finally, studies to data showed 4% to 10% improvement in the overall accuracy of staging/restaging in lesions. If we use Monte Carlo simulation, OLINDA/EXM software may improve further with widely used.

摘要： Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of pegaspargase combined with chemotherapy on patients with lymphoma.Methods:Seventy patients with lymphoma admitted to Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between December 2020 and June 2021 were selected as study subjects and were equally divided into the control group and the intervention group using the lottery method,with 35 cases in each group;the control group received conventional treatment,while the intervention group received pegaspargase combined with chemotherapy.The treatment satisfaction,quality of life,psychological status,and incidence of adverse reactions of the patients in the two groups were compared.Results:The differences in the indicators between the two groups were statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion:Pegaspargase combined with chemotherapy can effectively improve the treatment effect and satisfaction of lymphoma patients;hence,it is worthy of promotion in clinical treatment.

摘要： Patients with lymphoid malignancies are at a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection due to their immunocompromised state and results in higher mortality rates in these patients.Anti-CD 20 therapy is one of the leading causes of immunosuppression that worsens in COVID-19 cases.COVID-19 vaccines,on the other hand,appear to be less beneficial to these patients.Appropriate treatment and recommendations are required for these COVID-19 patients with lymphoid malignancies.

摘要： BACKGROUND The co-existence of Waldenstr?m’s macroglobulinemia(WM) with internodal marginal zone lymphoma(INMZL) is rare and often associated with poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY We present a Chinese female patient who developed secondary light chain amyloidosis due to WM and INMZL and provides opinions on its systemic treatment.A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed with WM 6 years ago and received Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy for two years.Her INMZL was confirmed due to left cervical lymphadenopathy.The patient presented with oedema in both lower limbs one year ago,and was diagnosed with secondary light chain amyloidosis.Treatment with the BC regimen(rituximab 375 mg/m~2 monthly for 6-8 courses,and bendamustine 90 mg/m~2 per day × 2,monthly for six courses) was initiated,but not tolerated due to toxic side effects.Bortezomibbased therapy was given for two months,including bortezomib,dexamethasone,and zanubrutinb.Oedema in both lower limbs was relieved and treatment efficacy was evaluated as partial remission.CONCLUSION A detailed clinical evaluation and active identification of the aetiology are recommended to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

摘要： BACKGROUND Peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL),an aggressive and rare disease that belongs to a heterogeneous group of mature T-cell lymphomas,develops rapidly and has a poor prognosis.Early detection and treatment are essential to improve patient cure and survival rates.Here,we report a rare case of PTCL with clinical presentation of noncirrhotic portal hypertension,which provides a basis for early vigilance of lymphomas in the future.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old Chinese woman was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal distension for 3 months and pitting oedema of both lower limbs for 2 months.Physical examinations and associated auxiliary examinations showed the presence of hepatosplenomegaly,and her hepatic venous pressure gradient was 10 mmHg.Immunohistochemical analysis of the liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PTCL.The patient underwent combination therapy with dexamethasone,VP-16,and chidamide.Unfortunately,after 41 days of chemotherapy,the patient died of multiple organ failure.CONCLUSION PCTL accompanied by noncirrhotic portal hypertension is rarely reported.This case report discusses the diagnosis of a patient according to the literature.

摘要： Positron emission tomography(PET)represents molecular imaging for non-invasive phenotyping of physiological and biochemical processes in various oncological diseases.PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)for glucose metabolism evaluation is the standard imaging modality for the clinical management of lymphoma.One of the 18F-FDG PET applications is the detection and pre-treatment staging of lymphoma,which is highly sensitive.18F-FDG PET is also applied during treatment to evaluate the individual chemo-sensitivity and accordingly guide the response-adapted therapy.At the end of the therapy regiment,a negative PET scan is indicative of a good prognosis in patients with advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Thus,adjuvant radiotherapy may be alleviated.Future PET studies using non-18F-FDG radiotracers,such as 68Ga-labeled pentixafor(a cyclic pentapeptide that enables sensitive and high-contrast imaging of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4),68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor(FAPI)that reflects the tumor microenvironment,and 89Zr-labeled atezolizumab that targets the programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1),may complement 18F-FDG and offer essential tools to decode lymphoma phenotypes further and identify the mechanisms of lymphoma therapy.

摘要： Contents 1.Overview 2.Diagnosis of lymphoma 2.1 Clinical manifestations 2.2 Physical examination 2.3 Laboratory examination 2.4 Imaging examination 2.4.1 CT 2.4.2 MRI 2.4.3 PET-CT 2.4.4 Ultrasound 2.4.5 Isotope bone scan 2.4.6 Endoscopy 2.5 Pathological examination 2.5.1 Morphology 2.5.2 IHC 2.5.3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)2.5.4 Antigen receptor gene rearrangement of lymphocytes 2.5.5 Others。