linear

摘要： Road material constitutive model is the essential condition of pavement structure design,calculation,and maintenance decision.Experts have conducted in-depth studies on the problems and proposed many meaningful constitutive models.However,these constitutive models have not been summarized and no uniform conclusion on the applicability of them is reported in the academic circle.The linear elastic model based on Hooke's law is still used in pavement structure design.This paper systematically reviewed the existing constitutive models that reflect the materials'mechanical properties and used for pavement structure calculation.These constitutive models were divided into three categories:linear,nonlinear,and damage models under repeated loads.The applicable conditions,parameter determination methods,advantages,and disadvantages of each model were introduced.Moreover,the model's feasibility in structural design and calculation was analyzed.Follow-up studies should focus on the parameter determination standard of viscoelastic constitutive models,the extension of the 1D constitutive model to 3D state,and the nonlinear constitutive models related to stress-strain state to drive the application of the constitutive models in pavement structure calculation and design.Furthermore,to evaluate the life cycle service performance of road materials and structures,establishing the pavement damage model from the structure perspective will be the future direction.

摘要： Dear editor,Impossible differential cryptanalysis and zero-correlation linear cryptanalysis are two powerful methods in the block cipher field.Herein,we present an automatic tool to find impossible differentials(IDs)and zero-correlation linear approximations(ZCLAs)for both ARX and S-box-based ciphers.Similar to the idea of using mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)models for differential cryptanalysis in[1],we first use linear inequalities to describe all the target cipher''s components exactly.

摘要： When am I ever going to use this?FAST FOOD Suppose you can buy hamburgers for$2 each.1.Copy and complete the table to find the cost of 2,3,and 4 hamburgens.2.On grid paper,graph the ordered pairs (number,cost).Describe how the points appear on the grid.3.What happens to the cost as the number of hamburgers increases?

摘要： We consider a functional partially linear additive model that predicts a functional response by a scalar predictor and functional predictors. The B-spline and eigenbasis least squares estimator for both the parametric and the nonparametric components proposed. In the final of this paper, as a result, we got the variance decomposition of the model and establish the asymptotic convergence rate for estimator.

摘要： Under non-random uncertainty, a new idea of finding a possibly optimal solution for linear programming problem is examined in this paper. It is an application of the intuitionistic fuzzy set concept within scope of the existing fuzzy optimization. Here, we solve a linear programming problem (LPP) in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment and compare the result with the solution obtained from other existing techniques. In the process, the result of associated fuzzy LPP is also considered for a better understanding.

摘要： Snowfall is one of the dominant water resources in the mountainous regions and is closely related to the development of the local ecosystem and economy. Snowfall predication plays a critical role in understanding hydrological processes and forecasting natural disasters in the Tianshan Mountains, where meteorological stations are limited. Based on climatic, geographical and topographic variables at 27 meteorological stations during the cold season(October to April) from 1980 to 2015 in the Tianshan Mountains located in Xinjiang of Northwest China, we explored the potential influence of these variables on snowfall and predicted snowfall using two methods: multiple linear regression(MLR) model(a conventional measuring method) and random forest(RF) model(a non-parametric and non-linear machine learning algorithm). We identified the primary influencing factors of snowfall by ranking the importance of eight selected predictor variables based on the relative contribution of each variable in the two models. Model simulations were compared using different performance indices and the results showed that the RF model performed better than the MLR model, with a much higher R^2 value(R^2=0.74; R^2, coefficient of determination) and a lower bias error(RSR=0.51; RSR, the ratio of root mean square error to standard deviation of observed dataset). This indicates that the non-linear trend is more applicable for explaining the relationship between the selected predictor variables and snowfall. Relative humidity, temperature and longitude were identified as three of the most important variables influencing snowfall and snowfall prediction in both models, while elevation, aspect and latitude were of secondary importance, followed by slope and wind speed. These results will be beneficial to understand hydrological modeling and improve management and prediction of water resources in the Tianshan Mountains.

摘要： The concept of linear tangle was introduced as an obstruction to mixed searching number. The concept of (maximal) single ideal has been introduced as an obstruction to linear-width. Moreover, it was already known that mixed search number is equivalent to linear-width. Hence, by combining those results, we obtain a proof of the equivalence between linear tangle and maximal single ideal. This short report gives an alternative proof of the equivalence.

摘要： The article contains the results of statistical processing of a large summary of δ18О-δ13С isotope values in the primary carbonatites of the world. From literary sources, 1593 paired values δ18О-δ13С from 173 carbonatite occurrences of the world were collected. This report exceeds all previously published reports on С-О isotopes in carbonatites by quantity of the used values and carbonatite occurrences. Statistical data analysis is performed on diagrams in the coordinates δ18О (‰, V-SMOW) - δ13С (‰, V-PDV). For each carbonatite occurrence, not only the arithmetic mean values are calculated, but also the regression line. Distinct linear trend of δ18О-δ13С values is found in half of the carbonatite occurrences. The starting, middle, and ending points of the trend line are determined. The slope of the trend line (angular coefficient) varies over a wide range. The trend is dominated by an average angular coefficient of 0.30 (positive correlation δ18О-δ13С). In the literature, it is associated with the Rayleigh high-temperature fractionation of carbonatite melts or with their sedimentary contamination. Half of the carbonatite occurrences do not show a linear trend of δ18О-δ13С values, probably due to the combined action of multidirectional trends. The initial ratio 87Sr/86Sr in the used carbonatite occurrences varies from 0.701 to 0.708. Statistics show no correlation of 87Sr/86Sr with the δ18О-δ13С system.

摘要： The Linear Mirror II is an innovative system to concentrate solar energy, developed by Isomorph SRL. In this paper, a solar-air heat exchanger of new conception is presented and tested together with a Linear Mirror II. The heat exchanger surface is selective with respect to direction and position of light absorption and emission and once heated by the Linear Mirror II, can reach an air temperature of up to 230°C.

摘要： Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) can be used as a general tool for modeling problems of decision making under uncertainty where, the degree of rejection is defined simultaneously with the degree of acceptance of a piece of information in such a way that these degrees are not complement to each other. Accordingly, an attempt is made to solve intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problems using a technique based on an earlier technique proposed by Zimmermann to solve fuzzy linear programming problem. Our proposed technique does not require the existing ranking of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. This method is also different from the existing weight assignment method or the Angelov’s method. A comparative study is undertaken and interesting results have been presented.

摘要： 本发明提供了一种基于FHOG特征和Linear SVM的车型识别方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：a)车辆检测与车牌检测，确定车辆目标区域和车牌目标区域；b)填充车牌区域，将整个车牌区域用车牌背景色填充；c)提取车辆FHOG特征，构建特征矩阵；d)将FHOG特征矩阵按列展开构建FHOG特征向量；e)利用FHOG特征向量和训练好的Linear SVM识别目标车辆。

摘要： 本发明针对现有技术的局限性，提出了一种基于Linear Transformer的非侵入式负荷分解方法。首次提出并使用了Linear Transformer模型进行非侵入负荷分解，在总体精度不变的情况下大大减少了训练时间；该模型改进了传统Transformer模型中注意力的计算方法，使得模型可应用与较长的时间序列，更好地学习到负荷的用电信息。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于多特征提取和Linear SVM的超声乳腺肿瘤分级方法，包括以下步骤：输入待诊断乳腺超声RF数据；将RF数据转换为超声B模式图像，得到初始可疑肿块区域位置；在初始可疑肿块区域内分割可疑肿块，确定可疑肿块的边界；计算已分割的可疑肿块区域的特征值；将计算得到的特征值输入分类器中，对可疑肿块区域进行分析。本发明基于BI‑RADS分级标准，针对实际采集的乳腺超声RF数据进行分级检测，使用多特征提取方法和线性支持向量机分类器实现了乳腺肿瘤超声3级、4级和5级的分类，该算法有助于提高医生诊断的准确率，算法时间复杂度能够满足临床要求，具有一定的实用价值。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种基于FHOG特征和Linear SVM的车型识别方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：a)车辆检测与车牌检测，确定车辆目标区域和车牌目标区域；b)填充车牌区域，将整个车牌区域用车牌背景色填充；c)提取车辆FHOG特征，构建特征矩阵；d)将FHOG特征矩阵按列展开构建FHOG特征向量；e)利用FHOG特征向量和训练好的Linear SVM识别目标车辆。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种可变增益放大器的增益dB‑linear实现方法。该方法将OTA电路模块设计成辅助VGA，在其输入端加固定差分电压。利用工作在亚阈值区的MOS管产生与输入线性变化的电压成指数规律变化的电压，利用源跟随器对指数规律变化的电压值在纵坐标上的搬移，产生起始电压值为辅助VGA输出共模电平的指数规律变化的电压。将辅助VGA输出电压和搬移后的指数规律变化的电压输入到比较器，将其输出电压作为辅助VGA的控制电压，建立锁幅环路，使得辅助VGA的输出电压成指数规律变化。比较器输出电压作为主VGA控制电压，主VGA增益变化满足dB‑linear特性。该方法可实现更大的增益dB‑linear范围。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种可变增益放大器的增益dB‑linear实现方法。该方法将OTA电路模块设计成辅助VGA，在其输入端加固定差分电压。利用工作在亚阈值区的MOS管产生与输入线性变化的电压成指数规律变化的电压，利用源跟随器对指数规律变化的电压值在纵坐标上的搬移，产生起始电压值为辅助VGA输出共模电平的指数规律变化的电压。将辅助VGA输出电压和搬移后的指数规律变化的电压输入到比较器，将其输出电压作为辅助VGA的控制电压，建立锁幅环路，使得辅助VGA的输出电压成指数规律变化。比较器输出电压作为主VGA控制电压，主VGA增益变化满足dB‑linear特性。该方法可实现更大的增益dB‑linear范围。