landscape

摘要： A signature landform showcases the magic of nature.COVERING 292 square kilometers,the Danxia Mountain,also known as the“Red Rock Park,”is located in the northeastern suburb of Shaoguan City in south China’s Guangdong Province.It is a 5A-rated state-level tourist attraction,a national scenic spot and a national nature reserve.It was included in the World Heritage List of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2010.Its unique Danxia landform is one of the most beautiful geological wonders in the world,while the unique landscapes,red sandstone rocks,lush mountains,winding rivers,and the Zen-based cultural atmosphere attract millions of visitors every year.

摘要： The current level of knowledge of the biophysical situation, human activity and governance in the Bamboutos Mountains does not shed enough light on the dynamics of the vegetation, the socio-economic aspects and ecological opportunities that are essential for a successful restoration initiative in this degraded landscape of the Bamboutos mountain ecosystems. The objective of the study was to map and analyze the dynamics of land use from Landsat images of 1980, 2000 and 2021. Supervised classification by maximum likelihood was applied and the dynamics were analyzed using area curves and calculations. The cartographic results were used to produce land use maps. The analysis of the land cover dynamics shows that the evolutionary trend of the vegetation formations is essentially regressive for agro-forests and dense forests at -21.20% and -3.62% respectively. The classes that showed a clear progression were bare soil (9.78%), crop land (8.03%), built-up areas (5.19%) and shrubby savannahs and grassland (1.84%). Agriculture, livestock grazing and demographic pressure are the main causes of land degradation and mutation of the landscape. The results of this study provide an understanding of the land-use history of this landscape, and a solid basis for planning a restoration initiative. They provide guidance on priority areas and types of restoration intervention from a social, economic and ecological perspective.

摘要： Over a century ago, western countries achieved rapid development boosted by the industrial revolution and opened the door to world trade with “solid ships and strong cannons”. The “solid ships and strong cannons” in the digital era will shape the landscape of future development and competition.

摘要： China Reveals Lists of Top Global,Chinese Scientific Advances for 2021 China has unveiled its lists of the top 10 scientific advances in China and the world for 2021,as selected by members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE).Among the scientific breakthroughs listed,China’s progress on its first solar exploration mission stands out.The China National Space Administration released new images taken by the country’s first Mars rover Zhurong,including the landing-site panorama,the Martian landscape,and a selfie of the rover.

摘要： In high summer,walking close to Beijing New Village situated in Karup of Chamdo City within the Xizang Autonomous Region(a.k.a.the Tibet Autonomous Region or Tibet),a picturesque landscape presents itself to the delight of all visitors.The panorama is a testimony to the works of Tao Yuanming,a famous writerof old who wrote of a dreamlike paradise.

摘要： Since the global financial crisis in 2008,frictions between China and the United States have been growing,as the backlash against globalization is on the rise.Such frictions,emerging during the Obama administration,became fully public during the Trump administration.After the Biden administration took office,the China-US relations,though more“diplomatic”in appearance,have seen the inherent divisions widening.The China-US conflicts have become an integral part of the entrenched China perception of the Deep State.With the evolution of the international landscape accelerated by COVID-19,the interactions between China and the United States are being shown more visibly than ever to the world.

摘要： Landscape heterogeneity in biodiversity conservation areas can be represented by the size of the geographic range of vegetation cover types and their species composition;and is reflected in historical and contemporary LULC(Land Use/Cover).This study assesses LULC changes in a predominantly vegetated Incalaue river basin in NSR(Niassa Special Reserve)for the years 2001,2009 and 2019 to recommend conservation targets.LULC was mapped using the best available Landsat imagery of the area which were L7 EMT+(Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper),L5 TM(Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper)and L8 OLI(Landsat 8 Operational Land Imagery).Image classification and remote sensing analysis were done using images of 30-meter resolution using the maximum likelihood supervised classification on ArcGIS ArcMap 10.4.1.Results showed that there were gains in area coverfor taller vegetation classes with the major ones being MDW(Medium Density Woodland)which increased by 51.07%;MFS(Mountain Forests)by 36.41%;and HDW(High-Density Woodland)by 17.95%over the studied period.NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)maps show 2019 with wetter vegetation than 2001;and both wetter than 2009.The spatially dominant vegetation-class was MDW(Medium Density Woodland)covering 27.29%of the basin area largely in the elevation band 410-430 m a.s.l.Vegetation classes do not necessarily follow landform with rocky upstream section(440-510 m a.s.l)having MFS which also existed in lower altitude areas(370-430 m a.s.l);and woodland being randomly distributed across the basin while there was also WET(Wetland)in both upstream and downstream.There are multiple vegetation species localized in distribution in the landscape which makes these to be hotspot areas for conservation.Local people in the human settlement areas of Ntimbo 1 and Lizongole recognize vulnerability of ecosystems,environmental change as well as human land use/cover and climate change as the main threats.There was a large increase in human settlement area(104.17%)over the study period and this shows a need for mitigating community-wildlife conflict especially along the green vegetation riverine areas during the dry seasons.The study showed need for a plan for human LULC away from wildlife vegetation hotspot areas;identification and consideration of area-demanding threatened species that require landscape scale conservation;and prevention of degradation and loss of water source hotspots for wildlife as well as conservation of sensitive and localized vegetation species.The Mozambican land law allows individual ownership of land by citizens even in conservation areas which creates a danger of human-wildlife interactions;risks land encroachment deeper into the reserve;and potentially causing environmentaldegradingof this sensitive ecosystem hosting humans and wildlife so there is need for consistent and conservation targetedenvironmental research to inform policy and LULC decisions.

摘要： Climate change is confronting cities across the globe,resulting in extreme weather conditions:floods,droughts,forest fires,and hurricanes.These natural hazards have become so severe that it is increasingly difficult to manage them.Urbanization,which has marginalized nature and water over time,has exacerbated these conditions.By replacing natural features with hardscape,cities are less adaptive to environmental fluctuations,and climate-related hazards are intensified,through heat island effect for example.Streets,squares,and parts of the city are inundated by water.The need to give space to water and nature in the city is more urgent than ever.The essential relationship between water and humans gave birth to our cities.This relationship has evolved across time and geography,and our current climate and ecological crises are calling us to take the next step in this evolution.Improving natural systems within the city,including a holistic approach for rivers,waterways,and green corridors,will improve resilience to flash floods and drought,contribute to heat mitigation,and improve urban living conditions.It will create possibilities for new economic,environmental,community,and social developments.A contemporary and healthy relationship between humanity and nature requires creating a basic,sustainable,spatial framework that upgrades and connects larger green and water(blue)structures.These blue-green structures should also be linked within the city and within its neighborhoods.The new mechanism to balance water in the city will be an integrated system,what we call the“urban water machine”.By integrating our natural and man-made water systems with each other,and with green spaces in and around the urban environment,we can regenerate the“urban water machine”and use it as the basis for a truly holistic approach to spatial planning.To shape our contemporary relationship with water,it is important to develop both innovative design tools and spatial typologies.A design approach based on the“urban water machine”provides climate adaptive solutions with nature-based design tools within the green landscape framework combined with blue-green design tools in public spaces.Such a holistic approach will help to care for the city as a whole,making them more beautiful,vibrant,and resilient.

摘要： A mid the Fourth Industrial Revolution led by digital technology,key technologies including big data,cloud computing,the Internet of Things,augmented reality,5G,blockchain and artificial intelligence have made great strides.Supporting each other,these technologies together constitute a comprehensive system that integrates digital storage,transmission,analysis and computing.Through the intelligent interconnection of people,machines and resources,digital technologies combined with advanced manufacturing have promoted new production methods and business models,and facilitated the efficient allocation of resources and sustainable economic development.The speed of the digital economy’s development,the extent of its reach,and the level of its impact are unprecedented.It is becoming a key force in reorganizing global factor resources,reshaping global economic structure,and changing the landscape of international competition.

摘要： Background:The present article questions the relative importance of local-and large-scale processes on the long-term dynamics of fire in the subalpine belt in the western Alps.The study is based on soil charcoal dating and identification,several study sites in contrasting environmental conditions,and sampling of soil charcoal along the elevation gradient of each site.Based on local differences in biomass combustion,we hypothesize that local-scale or landscape-scale processes have driven the fire history,while combustion homogeneity supports the hypothesis of the importance of large-scale or macro-ecological processes,especially climate.Results:Biomass burning during the Holocene resulted from the nesting effects of climate,land use,and altitude,but was little influenced by slope exposure(north versus south),soil(dryness,pH,depth),and vegetation.The mid-Holocene(6500–2700 cal BP)was an important period for climate-driven biomass burning in the subalpine ecosystems of the western Alps,while fires over the last 2500 years appear much more episodic,prompting us to speculate that human activity has played a vital role in their occurrence.Conclusion:Our working hypothesis that the strength of local drivers should offset the effects of regional climate is not validated.The homogeneity of the fire regime between sites thus underscores that climate was the main driver during the Holocene of the western Alps.Long-term subalpine fires are controlled by climate at the millennial scale.Local conditions matter for little in determining variability at the century scale.The mid-Holocene was a chief period for climatic biomass burning in the subalpine zone,while fires during the late Holocene appear much more episodic,suggesting that social drivers has exercised key function on their control.