identification

摘要： Cordyceps sinensis(C.sinensis)is a widely used and highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine.Several dipeptides have been detected in C.sinensis,but current scientific knowledge of its chemical makeup remains limited.In this study,an improved approach that integrates offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography(2D LC)separation,precursor ion list,library screening,and diagnostic ion filtering was established to systematically screen and characterize dipeptides in C.sinensis.Offline 2D LC integrating hydrophilic interaction LC and reverse phase separations was established to eliminate interference and identify the target dipeptides.A library containing the potential 400 dipeptides was created,and a precursor ion list with all theoretical precursor ions was adopted to trigger the MS/MS scan with high sensitivity.To identify dipeptides,the type and connection sequence of amino acids were determined according to the product ions.Ile and Leu residues were differentiated for the first time according to the characteristic ion at m/z 69.07.Ultimately,170 dipeptides were identified or tentatively characterized from C.sinensis,and most are reported for the first time in this species herein.In addition,the identified dipeptides were also applied for discrimination among the three Cordyceps species,and 11 markers were identified.The obtained results provide a deeper understanding of the chemical basis of C.sinensis.

摘要： Objective: To identify the facial nerve trunk (FNT) very easily. quickly and accurately considering the styloid process as the robust anatomically consistent landmark during parotid surgery. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2010 to December 2022 at a Tertiary care hospital. It included 130 patients: 84 (65%) males and 46 (35%) females with a mean age of 43.52 ± 15.63 years. Patients presented with pleomorphic adenoma (90), chronic sialectasis (05), parotid cyst (03), parotid sinus (01), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (28), adenoid cystic carcinoma (02) and squamous cell carcinoma (01) were subjected to superficial parotidectomy and total parotidectomy. The outcome was evaluated regarding the clinical success of facial nerve function that considered the location of the styloid process in the triangle technique for identification of the FNT during parotid surgery. Results: All 130 patients underwent superficial and total parotidectomy. The facial nerve trunk was successfully identified as the location of the styloid process in the triangle technique in all the patients with no intra-operative complications. Operative time ranged from 50 to 180 minutes with a mean time 90.70 ± 15.68 minutes. Dysfunction of the angle of the mouth due to the deficit of the marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) was noted in 5 patients (3.8%), 02 had difficulty in eye closure (1.5%). No patient reported surgical site infection, skin flap necrosis and hematoma in this series. Conclusion: Styloid process is the prominent robust landmark in the triangle technique for the identification of facial nerve trunk with relative ease, safety and accuracy in the parotid surgical procedure. This can be a very useful method to locate the FNT and minimize facial nerve injury during parotid surgery.

摘要： Biometric recognition refers to the process of recognizing a person’s identity using physiological or behavioral modalities,such as face,voice,fingerprint,gait,etc.Such biometric modalities are mostly used in recognition tasks separately as in unimodal systems,or jointly with two or more as in multimodal systems.However,multimodal systems can usually enhance the recognition performance over unimodal systems by integrating the biometric data of multiple modalities at different fusion levels.Despite this enhancement,in real-life applications some factors degrade multimodal systems’performance,such as occlusion,face poses,and noise in voice data.In this paper,we propose two algorithms that effectively apply dynamic fusion at feature level based on the data quality of multimodal biometrics.The proposed algorithms attempt to minimize the negative influence of confusing and low-quality features by either exclusion or weight reduction to achieve better recognition performance.The proposed dynamic fusion was achieved using face and voice biometrics,where face features were extracted using principal component analysis(PCA),and Gabor filters separately,whilst voice features were extracted using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs).Here,the facial data quality assessment of face images is mainly based on the existence of occlusion,whereas the assessment of voice data quality is substantially based on the calculation of signal to noise ratio(SNR)as per the existence of noise.To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms,several experiments were conducted using two combinations of three different databases,AR database,and the extended Yale Face Database B for face images,in addition to VOiCES database for voice data.The obtained results show that both proposed dynamic fusion algorithms attain improved performance and offer more advantages in identification and verification over not only the standard unimodal algorithms but also the multimodal algorithms using standard fusion methods.

摘要： In this work, we propose an approach for the separation of coumarins from thin-layer morphological segmentation based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating different types of coumarins. The first step is to make a segmentation by region, by thresholding, by contour, etc. of each component of the digital image. Then, we proceeded to the calculations of parameters of the regions such as the color standard deviation, the color entropy, the average color of the pixels, the eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. The mean color values atR = 91.20 in red, atB = 213.21 in blue showed the presence of samidin in the extract. The color entropy values HG = 5.25 in green and HB = 4.04 in blue also show the presence of visnadine in the leaves of Desmodium adscendens. These values are used to consolidate the database of separation and discrimination of the types of coumarins. The relevance of our coumarin separation or coumarin recognition method has been highlighted compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two coumarins having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method is proven with respect to the separation and identification of some coumarins, in particular samidin and anglicine.

摘要： Modern fighters are designed to fly at high angle of attacks reaching 90 deg as part of their routine maneuvers.These maneuvers generate complex nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic loading.In this study,different aerodynamic prediction tools are investigated to achieve a model which is highly accurate,less computational,and provides a stable prediction of associated unsteady aerodynamics that results from high angle of attack maneuvers.These prediction tools include Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)model,Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Logic Inference System(ANFIS),Fourier model,and Polynomial Classifier Networks(PCN).Themain aim of the predictionmodel is to estimate the pitch moment and the normal force data obtained from forced tests of unsteady delta-winged aircrafts performing high angles of attack maneuvers.The investigation includes three delta wing models with 1,1.5,and 2 aspect ratios with four determined variables:change rate in angle of attack(0 to 90 deg),non-dimensional pitch rate(0 to.06),and angle of attack.Following a comprehensive analysis of the proposed identification methods,it was found that the newly proposed model of PCN showed the least error in modeling and prediction results.Based on prediction capabilities,it is seen that polynomial networks modeling outperformed ANFIS and ANN for the present nonlinear problem.

摘要： Water conservation starts from rationalizing irrigation,as it is the largest consumer of this vital source.Following the critical and urgent nature of this issue,several works have been proposed.The idea of most researchers is to develop irrigation management systems tomeet the water needs of plants with optimal use of this resource.In fact,irrigation water requirement is only the amount of water that must be applied to compensate the evapotranspiration loss.Penman-Monteith equation is the most common formula to evaluate reference evapotranspiration,but it requiresmany factors that cannot be available in many cases.This leads to a trend towards behavior model estimation.System identification with control is one of the most promising applications in this axis.The idea behind this proposal depends on three stages:First,the estimation of reference evapotranspiration(ET0)by a linear ARX model,where temperature,relative humidity,insolation duration and wind speed are used as inputs,and ET0 estimated by Penman-Monteith equation as output.The results show that the values estimated by thismethodwere in good agreement with the measured data.The second part of this paper is tomanage the quantity of water.For this purpose,two controllers are used for testing,lead-lag and PID.To adjust the first controller and optimize the choice of its parameters,Nelder-Mead algorithm is used.In the last part,a comparative study is done between the two used controllers.

摘要： The diagnosis of bacterial or fungal infections requires the identification of the pathogen etiology in the shortest time possible. Although some biomarkers are used as indicators of bacterial infections, their specificity and sensitivity are highly variable, and there is no direct relationship between the level increase of these biomarkers for mycosis. It is common to obtain negative microbiological cultures in patients infected by non-culturable, intracellular bacteria or mycosis, even though there is a high clinical suspicion of infection. This study identifies the pathogen present in critically infected patients through 16S and 18S/eEF1 genes detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with Sanger sequencing. Thirty clinical samples were evaluated by PCR, of which 40% were positive for fungi, 23.33% for bacteria, 26.7% for fungi and bacteria, and 10% for no pathogen. The PCRs outcomes period for bacteria or fungi was one day compared to seven and up to 14 days (on average) of microbiological culture for bacteria and fungi. Then, we assessed the relationship with the most used biomarkers (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, globular sedimentation velocity, and the neutrophil-lymphocyte index). This combination of molecular techniques has been shown as helpful in identifying intracellular bacteria and fungi that are difficult to culture by conventional methods. Screening with genomic markers 16S and 18S/eEF1 by PCR allowed us to optimize the time to obtain the result of the infection caused by bacteria or fungi. Also, identifying the specific etiological microorganism by Sanger sequencing was very helpful in avoiding the progression of the disease and setting targeted treatment with better clinical outcomes.

摘要： [Objectives]To explore effective biocontrol methods for diseases in the process of ginseng cultivation,and develop an efficient and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.[Methods]In this study,2 strains were isolated from biogas slurry,and Cylindrocarpon destructans(XF),Fusarium solani(GF),Botrytis cinerea Pers(HM)and Alternaria panax Whetz(HB)were used as test materials.The strains were isolated and identified by dilution plate method,16S rDNA sequence identification method,confrontation culture method,filter paper method and ultraviolet spectrophotometer method,and the bacteriostatic activity and bacteriostatic rate were tested.[Results]Strain 15(Sphingomonas)and strain 19(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)were screened out through identification and analysis,and they grew stably within 8-10 d.The bacteriostatic rates of strain 15 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 47.37%and 43.40%,respectively,and the bacteriostatic rates of strain 19 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 62.30%and 63.27%,respectively.The bacteriostatic activity of the extract of strain 19 increased with the increase of OD_(600) value,and the bacteriostatic effect was optimal when the OD_(600) value was in the range of 0.8-1.0,up to 70%,so it had a strong biocontrol potential.[Conclusions]This experiment provides convenience for more effective inoculation,establishes a fast,simple and accurate method for the determination of the best bacteriostatic rate of P.aeruginosa culture solution to HM,and lays a foundation for large-scale culture of P.aeruginosa culture solution.Besides,it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient control of ginseng B.cinerea in field production,use it for the prevention and control of ginseng shoot diseases,and provide a reference for the efficient and diverse development of biocontrol agents for ginseng shoot diseases.

摘要： Objective:To identity the variation of sand flies in the Gampaha and Kurunegala districts of Sri Lanka and to assess DNA barcoding as a complementing method for morphological identification.Methods:A total of 38441 sand flies were collected from selected localities in Gampaha and Kurunegala districts using standard entomological techniques from May 2017 to December 2018.Specimens were identified using morphological features and compared with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠgene-based DNA barcoding as an alternative tool.Results:Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of four species under two genera(Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia).Phlebotomus argentipes was the predominant species,followed by Sergentomyia(S.)punjabensis,S.babu insularis,and an unidentified Sergentomyia sp.Phlebotomus argentipes showed a clear genetic differentiation from other species.S.babu insularis and S.punjabensis showed a higher genetic affinity to each other than the unidentified species.The unidentified Sergentomyia species is morphologically similar to S.zeylanica,but differs only in clavate gonostyle.Conclusions:DNA barcoding is an effective technique for the identification of sand flies.Further studies using molecular techniques will improve the knowledge of the cryptic diversity of Sri Lankan sand fly fauna.Establishing a reliable and standardized identification system for sand fly species in Sri Lanka is recommended.

摘要： Seed shattering refers to the phenomenon in which the pods split along the abdominal and back sutures before the crop is received,so that the seeds are spread.Seed shattering is vital to the reproduction of their offspring in wild plants,but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss reason.Pod-explosion resistance is a complex process of physical and physiological and biochemical reactions.Soybean seed shattering phenomenon is widespread,which severely restricts the development of soybean industry.Seed shattering(pod cracking or fruit dropping)is essential for the reproduction of its offspring in wild plants,but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss.This article analyzes the morphology and structure of pods related to seed shattering from the morphology of pods.On the basis of the regularity of the occurrence of seed shattering and the summary of phenotypic index identification methods,physiologically introduced the regulation mechanism of key enzymes and endogenous hormones on seed shattering.The localization,labeling and cloning of seed shattering genes are introduced in molecular biology.The study focused on reviewing the latest advances in the research on soybean seed shattering characteristics,and discussed with the research results of related crops.Finally,the research and application of soybean seed shattering resistance were prospected for several aspects.

摘要： Though much research in entrepreneurship makes the fundamental assumption that opportunities are found, new work is emerging which explores the issue from other perspectives. In this study, we summarize studies about entrepreneurial opportunity identification and entrepreneurial learning, hopefully to provide new directions or open more questions for future researches.Therefore, researches on recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities are of great importance for entrepreneurs and ventures.

摘要： Neural network is used to identify reactivity. The identification result can be compared with those ofother methods to reduce the physics startup risk. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is employed to train thenetwork. The training samples stem from neutron kinetic equation of six groups. The characteristic of neutronmultiplication is analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the network is capable of spreading to other sampleswhich have not been learned.

摘要： Learning disabilities occur on an,international level.Thereforeo solutions to the problems associated with learning disabilities can be developed and shared at all international level.Both presenters visited Beijing schools in September 2003 and then hosted two Chinese researchers in the USA to study issues relating to learning disabilities in both China and the USA.The correct identificatino of the learning disability is the first and perhaps the most important element which then enables teachers and parents to remediate and accommodate the learning disability conditions.The presentation is designed to enable the participant to identify the signs and symptoms of dyslexia(reading problems)．Dysgraphia(writing problems)and dyscalculia(mathematical problems).Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(problems with attention and hyperactivity).The two lecturers will use a“power point”system in the Chinese language during their presentation.Strategies will be given to the participants on how to remediate or accommodate the particular learning disability．

摘要： Learning disabilities occur on an,international level.Thereforeo solutions to the problems associated with learning disabilities can be developed and shared at all international level.Both presenters visited Beijing schools in September 2003 and then hosted two Chinese researchers in the USA to study issues relating to learning disabilities in both China and the USA.The correct identificatino of the learning disability is the first and perhaps the most important element which then enables teachers and parents to remediate and accommodate the learning disability conditions.The presentation is designed to enable the participant to identify the signs and symptoms of dyslexia(reading problems)．Dysgraphia(writing problems)and dyscalculia(mathematical problems).Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(problems with attention and hyperactivity).The two lecturers will use a“power point”system in the Chinese language during their presentation.Strategies will be given to the participants on how to remediate or accommodate the particular learning disability．

摘要： Learning disabilities occur on an,international level.Thereforeo solutions to the problems associated with learning disabilities can be developed and shared at all international level.Both presenters visited Beijing schools in September 2003 and then hosted two Chinese researchers in the USA to study issues relating to learning disabilities in both China and the USA.The correct identificatino of the learning disability is the first and perhaps the most important element which then enables teachers and parents to remediate and accommodate the learning disability conditions.The presentation is designed to enable the participant to identify the signs and symptoms of dyslexia(reading problems)．Dysgraphia(writing problems)and dyscalculia(mathematical problems).Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(problems with attention and hyperactivity).The two lecturers will use a“power point”system in the Chinese language during their presentation.Strategies will be given to the participants on how to remediate or accommodate the particular learning disability．

摘要： Learning disabilities occur on an,international level.Thereforeo solutions to the problems associated with learning disabilities can be developed and shared at all international level.Both presenters visited Beijing schools in September 2003 and then hosted two Chinese researchers in the USA to study issues relating to learning disabilities in both China and the USA.The correct identificatino of the learning disability is the first and perhaps the most important element which then enables teachers and parents to remediate and accommodate the learning disability conditions.The presentation is designed to enable the participant to identify the signs and symptoms of dyslexia(reading problems)．Dysgraphia(writing problems)and dyscalculia(mathematical problems).Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(problems with attention and hyperactivity).The two lecturers will use a“power point”system in the Chinese language during their presentation.Strategies will be given to the participants on how to remediate or accommodate the particular learning disability．

摘要： Learning disabilities occur on an,international level.Thereforeo solutions to the problems associated with learning disabilities can be developed and shared at all international level.Both presenters visited Beijing schools in September 2003 and then hosted two Chinese researchers in the USA to study issues relating to learning disabilities in both China and the USA.The correct identificatino of the learning disability is the first and perhaps the most important element which then enables teachers and parents to remediate and accommodate the learning disability conditions.The presentation is designed to enable the participant to identify the signs and symptoms of dyslexia(reading problems)．Dysgraphia(writing problems)and dyscalculia(mathematical problems).Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(problems with attention and hyperactivity).The two lecturers will use a“power point”system in the Chinese language during their presentation.Strategies will be given to the participants on how to remediate or accommodate the particular learning disability．