摘要：
研究了在急性低氧1.5h、5h和慢性低氧3d下,河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)5种组织(心、脑、肝、鳃和肾)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)3种抗氧化酶和ATP酶活性的变化规律.结果显示:在急性低氧暴露1.5h时,河川沙塘鳢SOD和GPX的活力在各组织中与对照组相比均无显著差异,CAT活力在心、鳃和肝3种组织呈现显著升高(P＜0.05),ATP酶活力在心和肝组织极显著升高(P＜0.01);在急性低氧暴露5h时,除肝组织SOD酶活性显著降低外(P＜0.05),其它4种组织的CAT、GPX和ATP酶均不同程度显著升高(P＜0.05);在慢性低氧处理3d时,心、脑组织的抗氧化酶已基本恢复至与对照组无显著差异的水平,但鳃、肝和肾中酶活力仍较高(P＜0.05).研究表明,河川沙塘鳢能通过自身调节抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性,改变代谢底物,提高机体适应低氧环境的能力.%Odontobutis potamophila is a unique small freshwater demersal carnivorous fish in China.As it has a wide development and utilization prospect,a new important artificial breeding commercial fish.Current researches of O.potamophila mainly focus on the biology,breeding,nutrition,metabolism,genetics and breeding at home and abroad.Studies on the hypoxia stress are still relatively rare.Therefore,we analyzed the activity change regularities of three different antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and ATP enzyme in Odontobutis potamophila after the acute hypoxia for 1.5 h,5 h and chronic hypoxia for 3-day in heart,brain,liver,gills and kidney tissue.The main results were as follows:1.During the acute hypoxia exposure for 1.5 h,the activities of SOD and GPX had no significant difference in each tissue compared with the control group.However,the activity of CAT in heart,gills and liver increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The ATP enzyme activity increased extremely significant in heart and liver tissucs (P ＜0.01).2.After the acute hypoxia exposure for 5 h,the SOD activity was significantly lower in liver,the CAT,the GPX and the ATP enzyme increased significantly in different degrees.The activities of SOD increased extremely significant in heart,brain and gill (P ＜ 0.01),but were significantly lower in liver (P ＜ 0.05).The activities of CAT increased significantly in heart (P ＜ 0.05) and extremely significant in brain (P ＜ 0.01).The activities of GPX increased significantly in brain and kidney(P ＜ 0.05) but extremely significant in heart (P ＜ 0.01).The ATP enzyme increased extremely significant in gill (P ＜ 0.01) and increased significantly in brain and kidney (P ＜ 0.05).3.With the chronic hypoxia for 3-day,the antioxidant enzymes in brain and heart restored to the level of no significant difference compared with the control group,but the enzyme activity in gill,liver and kidney was still higher.The activities of SOD increased extremely significant in heart (P ＜ 0.01) and increased significantly in kidney (P ＜ 0.05).The activities of CAT increased significantly in liver (P ＜ 0.05) but extremely significant in gill (P ＜ 0.01).The ATP enzyme increased extremely significant in heart and kidney (P ＜ 0.01) and increased significantly in liver (P ＜ 0.05).The results suggested that O.potamophila can adjust the antioxidant enzymes and the ATP enzymes activity,change the metabolic substrate,and improve the body's ability to adapt to the low-oxygen environment with self-regulation.It can be a reference for comprehensive understanding of hypoxia adaptation mechanism in euryhaline fish,also lay the foundation for fish breeding of stress resistant new species.
