glioma

摘要： BACKGROUND Glioblastoma(GBM)is one of the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors with severe symptoms and a poor prognosis.Leptomeningeal dissemination(LMD)is a serious complication of GBM that often results in dire outcomes.There is currently no effective treatment.AIM To estimate the clinical outcomes of combination therapy in GBM patients with LMD METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using data collected from GBM patients diagnosed with LMD from January 2012 to December 2019 at our institution.All these patients had received at least one cycle of a combination therapy consisting of intrathecal methotrexate(MTX)and systemic chemotherapy.Clinical and pathological data were analyzed to explore the outcome of GBM patients with LMD and to determine the most effective treatment.RESULTS Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study.The median time from GBM diagnosis to LMD development was 9.3 mo(range:2-59 mo).The median overall survival of LMD patients from diagnosis to after receiving systemic chemotherapy in combination with intrathecal MTX was 10.5 mo(range:2-59 mo).In the Cox univariate analysis,gross resection of tumor(P=0.022),Karnofsky performance status(KPS)>60(P=0.002),and Ommaya reservoir implant(P60(P=0.037)and Ommaya reservoir implant(P=0.014)were positive factors correlated with survival.Myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions were the common toxicities of this combination therapy.According to Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events 4.03,most of the patients presented with toxicity less than grade 3.CONCLUSION Intrathecal MTX administration combined with systemic chemotherapy is a potentially effective treatment for patients with GBM and LMD,with mild treatment-related side effects.

摘要： Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of downregulating astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1)expression combined with all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)on vasculogenic mimicry(VM)formation and angiogenesis in glioma.Methods U87 glioma cells were transfected with AEG-1 shRNA lentiviral vectors(U87-siAEG-1)and incubated in a medium containing 20µmol/L ATRA.Matrigel-based tube formation assay was performed to evaluate VM formation,and the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to analyze the proliferation of glioma cells in vitro.Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of related genes,respectively.Glioma xenograft models were generated via subcutaneous implantation of glioma cells in nude mice.Tumor-bearing mice received an intraperitoneal injection of ATRA(10 mg/kg per day).Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of related genes and the microvessel density(MVD)in glioma xenograft models.CD34/periodic acid-Schiff double staining was performed to detect VM channels in vivo.The volume and weight of tumors were measured,and a tumor growth curve was drawn to evaluate tumor growth.Results A combination of ATRA intervention and downregulation of AEG-1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells in vitro and glioma VM formation in vitro and in vivo.It also significantly decreased MVD and inhibited tumor growth.Further,the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,vascular endothelial-cadherin(VE-cadherin),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in glioma significantly decreased in vivo and in vivo.Conclusion Hence,a combinatorial approach might be effective in treating glioma through regulating MMP-2,MMP-9,VEGF,and VE-cadherin expression.

摘要： Dear editor,Extraadrenal paragangliomas are tumors composed of neuroendocrine-derived,catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells inducing hypertension,palpitations,and diaphoresis[1].Although extraadrenal paragangliomas are found in a variety of anatomic sites that normally host paraganglia—from the carotid body to the abdominal paraaortic region—the bladder is an uncommon location for paragangliomas.Bladder paragangliomas represent approximately 6%of extraadrenal paragangliomas and only 0.05%of all bladder tumors[2,3].We present a rare case of primary paraganglioma affecting the bladder dome.

摘要： Objective:To investigate the core target genes of miR-29b-3p,and analyze the clinical significance of the core target genes in glioma.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict and screen the target genes of miR-29b-3p.STRING and Cytoscape software were used to analyze the protein-protein interaction(PPI)of target genes.the differences expression and survival prognosis in glioma were analyzed by GEPIA and CGGA.Independent prognostic factors analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:22 target genes of miR-29b-3p were predicted using LinkedOmics,miRDB,miRTarBase,TargetScan,and starbase databases.Through the construction of the PPI network,genes out of the network were removed,and a total of 16 genes were screened for further study of their clinical significance.Based on analysis of GEPIA and CGGA databases,COL2A1,DNMT3A,and DNMT3B were excluded.Through further analysis of the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model,finally identified three core target genes:SERPINH1,LOXL2,CDK6.Conclusion:Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-29b-3p targeted three core genes such as SERPINH1,LOXL2,and CDK6 in glioma.The expression of these genes was different between brain normal tissues and gliomas,between different grades of tumor,IDH mutation status and 1p/19q codeletion status.Its high expression had adverse effects on overall survival and recurrence-free survival.These core target genes can be used as an independent prognostic factor.

摘要： Objective:To investigate the value of routine intraoperative ultrasound(IU)and intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound(ICEUS)in the surgical treatment of brain tumors,and to explore the utilization of ICEUS for the removal of the remnants surrounding the resection cavity.Methods:In total,51 patients who underwent operations from 2012 to 2018 due to different tumors in the brain were included in this study.The clinical data were evaluated retrospectively.IU was performed in all patients,among which 28 patients underwent ICEUS.The effects of IU and ICEUS on tumor resection and recurrence were evaluated.

摘要： Objective Isocitrate dehydrogenase gene(IDH)mutations are associated with tumor angiogenesis and therefore play an important role in glioma management.This study compared the performance of tumor blood vessels counted from contrast-enhanced 3D brain volume(3D-BRAVO)sequence and dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE)MRI in differentiating IDH1 status in gliomas.Methods Forty-four glioma patients[16 with IDH1 mutant-type(IDH1-MT),28 with IDH1 wild-type(IDH1-WT)]were retrospectively analyzed.A blood vessel entering a tumor was defined as an intratumoral vessel;a blood vessel adjacent to the edge of a tumor was defined as a peritumoral vessel.Combined vessels were defined as the sum of the intratumoral and peritumoral vessels.DCE-derived metrics of tumor were normalized to the contralateral normal-appearing white matter.Results Intratumoral,peritumoral,and combined tumor blood vessels were all significantly different between IDH1-MT and IDH1-WT gliomas,and the range of area under curves(AUCs)was 0.816–0.855.For DCE-derived parameters,cerebral blood volume,cerebral blood flow,mean transit time,and volume transfer constant were significantly different between IDH1-MT and IDH1-WT gliomas,and the range of AUCs was 0.703–0.756.Combined vessels possessed the best performance for identifying IDH1 mutations in gliomas(AUC:0.855,sensitivity:0.857,specificity:0.812,P<0.001).Conclusion The number of tumor blood vessels has comparable diagnostic performance with DCE-derived parameters for differentiating IDH1 mutations and can serve as a potential imaging biomarker to reflect IDH1 mutations in gliomas.

摘要： 药物难以跨过血脑屏障到达肿瘤区域是治疗脑胶质瘤的一大难点,可靶向胶质瘤的纳米生物材料作为新型载药系统可缓解该问题,但是如何动态实时观测纳米材料在原发胶质瘤内部的生物学行为变化尚未解决。近日,中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所、天津理工大学合作在《Nanoscale》杂志发表了题为“Real-time in vivo imaging reveals specific nanoparticle target binding in a syngeneic glioma mouse mod⁃el”的文章。

摘要： Glial cells play an essential part in the neuron system.They can not only serve as structural blocks in the human brain but also participate in many biological processes.Extensive studies have shown that astrocytes and microglia play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,as well as glioma,epilepsy,ischemic stroke,and infections.Positron emission tomography is a functional imaging technique providing molecular-level information before anatomic changes are visible and has been widely used in many above-mentioned diseases.In this review,we focus on the positron emission tomography tracers used in pathologies related to glial cells,such as glioma,Alzheimer's disease,and neuroinflammation.

摘要： Objective:Cancer/testis antigen FMR1NB is aberrantly expressed in various types of cancer,but not in normal tissues except for testis.This study aimed to investigate the expression and functional role of FMR1NB in glioma.Methods:The expression of FMR1NB mRNA and protein was determined using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively,in glioma specimens from 83 patients at follow-up.The effects of siRNA-mediated FMR1NB silencing on malignant biological behaviors were evaluated in glioma cell lines Al 72 and U251.Results:FMR1NB mRNA and protein expression was detected in 58.8%(77/131)and 46.34%(57/123)of glioma tissues,respectively.FMR1NB protein was positively correlated with World Health Organization grade and found to be an independent prognostic marker for poor outcome.Knockdown of FMR1NB induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation,adhesion,migration,and invasion by modulating the expression of cyclin A,CDK2,caspase-3,E-cadherin,and N-cadherin in A172 and U251 cells.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that FMR1NB contributes to the tumorigenesis of glioma cells and may represent a potential prognostic biomarker and an attractive therapeutic target in glioma.

摘要： Objective:Gliomas are the most common tumors in the central nervous system.The cancer susceptibility candidate 15(CASC15)gene has been reported to be a susceptibility gene for several types of cancer.No studies have been carried out on the predisposing effect of CASC15 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on glioma risk.Methods:In order to determine whether CASC15 gene SNPs are involved in glioma susceptibility,the first association study in a relatively large sample,which consisted of 171 patients and 228 healthy controls recruited from China,was performed.The contribution of SNPs(rs6939340 A>G,rs4712653 T>C and rs9295536 C>A)to the risk of glioma was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression,based on the calculation of the odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:In the single locus and combined analysis,it was revealed that the genetic risk score had no significant associations between CASC15 gene SNPs and glioma risk.However,in the stratified analysis,a significant decrease in risk of glioma was observed in subjects of<60 months old with the rs4712653 TT genotype,when compared to those with the CC/CT genotype(OR=0.12,95%CI=0.02-0.91,P=0.041).Conclusion:The present study provides referential evidence on the association between the genetic predisposition of the CASC15 gene and glioma risk in Chinese children.However,more well-designed case-control studies and functional experiments are needed to further explore the role of CASC15 gene SNPs.