Formation

摘要： Studies on the formati on and evolutio n of the solid electrolyte in terface(SEI)film under different ambient temperatures are important to understand the failure behavior of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Herein,in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)test is performed on the whole discharge process of Si@Graphite@C/Li cell at 0,25 and 55°C,respectively.Combining with scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations,it is found that the SEI film undergoes a complicated evolution process of pre-formation,self-improvement and gradual decay in succession at 25°C.Besides,due to the dissolution of organo-alkyl lithium at high temperature,the formed film is mainly composed of LiF,Li_(2)CO_(3) and other in organic salts,which helps to decrease the impedance.However,the electrolyte is consumed continuously on the new exposed in terface,leading to the degraded performance of the cell.Moreover,the dyn amic properties of Li^(+) ions are poor at low temperature,though the migration ability of Li^(+) ions in the solid phase can be improved as the cycle goes on.Therefore,the development and application of in-situ EIS tech no logy are expected to become an important means to explain the electrochemical performance of batteries.

摘要： Data obtained from over 250 CTD stations in December 2006 and April 2007 were used to analyze the temperature and salinity structure of the water masses of the South Yellow Sea in spring.Six basic water masses were identifi ed:the Southwest Yellow Sea Coastal Water Mass(SWYSCWM),Southwest Yellow Sea Local Water Mass(SWYSLWM),Qingdao Cold Water Mass(QDCWM),Yellow Sea Warm Current Water Mass(YSWCWM),Inchon Cold Water Mass(ICWM),and Subei Coastal Water Mass(SBCWM).The mechanisms of formation of these water masses are very diff erent.The SWYSCWM is aff ected by continental water,whereas the SWYSLWM and SBCWM are local water masses that are less aff ected by other waters.The QDCWM derives from cold northern water.The YSWCWM exists from winter to spring.Because of the limited data coverage,the mechanism of formation of the ICWM remains unclear.

摘要： 专利名称:System and methods for evaluating a formation using pixelated solutions of formation data专利申请号:GB20180005111申请日:2017.05.08公开号:GB2575418(A)公开日:2020.01.15申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc A system and method for evaluating a subterranean earth formation as well as a method of steering a drill bit in a subterranean earth formation.The system comprises a logging tool that is operable to measure formation data and locatable in a wellbore intersecting the subterranean earth formation.The system also comprises a processor that is in communication with the logging tool.The processor is operable to calculate multiple distance-to-bed-boundary(DTBB)solutions using the measured formation data,identify DTBB solutions that satisfy a threshold,convert the identified solutions into pixelated solutions by dividing the identified solutions into pixels,generate a formation model based on the pixelated solutions,and evaluate the formation using the generated formation model.

摘要： In recent years,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted tremendous attention due to their high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)and tailorable optoelectronic properties.Up to now,the certified PCE of lab-scale PSCs has climbed up to 25.5%(see https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-effi-ciency.html).However,there still exists a large efficiency gap between small-area devices and large-area solar modules.The main reason refers to the difference between morphology and crystallinity caused by different perovskite film formation.

摘要： Objective The Dayangshu Basin located in eastern Inner Mongolia,is one of the key areas for oil and gas exploration in the periphery of Songliao Basin.So far,this basin has been poorly explored,and the basic geological research is still weak,due to the lack of high-quality paleontologic and stratigraphic data.The previous oil and gas investigations were mainly focused on the Early Cretaceous strata.However,the Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the basin also has hydrocarbon potential according to the latest research.In recent oil and gas geological survey,palynological fossils have been discovered from the Nenjiang Formation in the Dayangshu Basin,providing new evidence for biostratigraphic division and correlation.

摘要： Snails’ protection is essential because this species is to maintain a balanced ecology of water sources. They occur in rivers as well as ponds and balance the pH level of water. But these sources of water are contaminated by effluents, pollutants, acid rain, particulates, biological wastes etc. They can change the pH of water. Water is absorber of carbon dioxide and it converts carbon dioxide into carbonic. Other above mentioned wastes also increase the concentration of H+ ions in water. They produce hostile environment for snails. The outer part of snails is made of CaCO3. It produces chemical reaction in acidic medium and corrosion reaction is accelerated, and thus deterioration starts on the surface of snails. This medium makes their survival become miserable. For this work, corrosion of the snails’ study in the pH values of water is 6.5 in H2CO3 environment. The corrosion rates of snails were calculated by gravimetric methods and potentiostat technique. Aloe Vera was used for corrosion protection in acidic medium. The surface adsorption phenomenon was studied by Langmuir isotherm. Aloe Vera formed thin surface film on the interface of snails which adhered with chemical bonding. It was confirmed by activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, enthalpy and entropy. The results of surface coverage area and inhibitors efficiency indicated that Aloe Vera developed a strong protective barrier in the acidic medium.

摘要： The aim of this research was to detect the N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) production and QseB/C gene of Aeromonas hydrophila. We analyzed the potentials of these isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila in causing biofilm formation, hemolysis, protease, and lipase. The antibiotic susceptibility of the 15 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates was also investigated. The detection of AHLs was carried out using the Chromobacterium violaceum strain CV026 as biosensors. The isolated strains were tested for the reaction of C. violaceum CV026 by cross-streaking on an agar plate. Production of AHLs was determined by the diffusing via the agar plates and the tinge of the biosensor strains. All isolated strains produced AHLs. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the isolated strains had qseB and qseC genes. Susceptibility tests of A. hydrophila isolates were administered against 25 different antibiotic disks representing 12 classes of antibiotics. The strains were highly resistant to β-Lactam with 96.7% showing resistibility, whereas 97.7% susceptibility was found towards Aminoglycoside class of the antibiotic used. 60% showed intermediate resistant to Polypeptide. 100% of the strains showed no resistant to Aminoglycoside, Polypeptide, Monobactam, and Carbapenems class of antibiotics. Each of the isolates was found to be associated with at least one virulent factor. Our results clearly demonstrated that there is a presence of QseB/C genes in A. hydrophila and also produces AHLs molecule and virulence factors. The investigated isolates showed the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas hydrophila which makes it a serious threat to public health.

摘要： In this paper we will see the model of Universe according to Dynamic Universe Model of Cosmology by visualizing various processes that are happening in the Universe as per experimental evidences. For simplifying the matter here, we will see in part 1: about the Galaxy life cycle, where the birth and death of Galaxies discussed. Probably Universe gives guidance for the movement of Galaxies. We call this Part 1: Thinking and Reproducing Universe or Mindless Universe? (Galaxy life cycle). We see every day Sun, Stars, Galaxies etc., dissipating enormous energy in the form of radiation by the way of fusion of Hydrogen to helium. So after sometime all the Hydrogen is spent and Universe will die, is it not? … Dynamic Universe Model says that the energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation passing grazingly near any gravitating mass changes in frequency and finally will convert into neutrinos (mass). Hence Dynamic Universe Model proposes another process where energy will be converted back into matter and the cycle energy to mass to energy continues, sustaining the Universe to maintain this present status for ever in this form something like a Steady state model without any expansion. This we will see in Part 2: Energy - Mass - Energy Cycle. After converting energy into mass “how various elements are formed and where they are formed?” will be next logical question. Dynamic Universe Model says that these various particles change into higher massive particles or may get bombarded into stars or planets and various elements are formed. Here we bifurcate the formation of elements into 6 processes. They are for Elementary particles and elements generated in frequency changing process, By Cosmic rays, By Small stars, By Large Stars, By Super Novae and Manmade elements By Neutron Stars. This we will discuss in Part 3: Nucleosynthesis.

摘要： Mouthguards can reduce the risk of sports-related injuries, but the sheet material and thickness have a large effect on their efficacy and safety. This study was intended to predict the changes in thickness of molded products by clarifying the effect of the time interval between repeat moldings during the continuous use of a vacuum-forming machine. Ethylene vinyl acetate mouthguard sheets were used for thermoforming with a vacuum-forming machine. The working model was trimmed to a height of 23 mm at the maxillary central incisor and 20 mm at maxillary first molar. Five molding conditions were investigated: 1) molding was carried out after the sag at the center of the softened sheet was 15 mm (control);2) sheet heating was started 5 min after the molding of the control (AF5-Re1);3) sheet heating started 5 min after the molding of AF5-Re1 (AF5-Re2);4) sheet heating started 10 min after the molding of the control (AF10-Re1);and 5) sheet heating started 10 min after the molding of AF10-Re1 (AF10-Re2). Sheet thickness after fabrication was determined for the incisal edge, labial surface, cusp, and buccal surface using a special caliper accurate to 0.1 mm. Thickness differences of the molding conditions were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. Significant differences between the control and AF5-Re1 were observed at all measurement points (p < 0.01), but not between the control and AF10-Re1. AF10-Re2 became thinner than AF10-Re1 (p < 0.01). Reproducible molding results were obtained by waiting 10 min between the first and second moldings, but the third molded mouthguard was significantly thinner, despite this 10 min wait interval.