electrodeposition

摘要： Currently available commercial nerve guidance conduits have been applied in the repair of peripheral nerve defects.However,a conduit exhibiting good biocompatibility remains to be developed.In this work,a series of chitosan/graphene oxide(GO)films with concentrations of GO varying from 0-1 wt%(collectively referred to as CHGF-n)were prepared by an electrodeposition technique.The effects of CHGF-n on proliferation and adhesion abilities of Schwann cells were evaluated.The results showed that Schwann cells exhibited elongated spindle shapes and upregulated expression of nerve regeneration-related factors such as Krox20(a key myelination factor),Zeb2(essential for Schwann cell differentiation,myelination,and nerve repair),and transforming growth factorβ(a cytokine with regenerative functions).In addition,a nerve guidance conduit with a GO content of 0.25%(CHGFC-0.25)was implanted to repair a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats.The results indicated improvements in sciatic functional index,electrophysiology,and sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle histology compared with the CHGFC-0 group,and similar outcomes to the autograft group.In conclusion,we provide a candidate method for the repair of peripheral nerve defects using free-standing chitosan/GO nerve conduits produced by electrodeposition.

摘要： Ni-based composite coatings incorporated with nano/micron SiC particles were fabricated via electrochemical co-deposition in Watts bath,followed by the evaluation of their mechanical and anti-corrosion properties.The micrographic observations suggest that the SiC particles with various sizes can be well incorporated to the Ni substrate.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns indicate that SiC particles with smaller sizes could weaken the preferential growth of Ni along(200)facet.In addition,it is found that the incorporated SiC particles with medium micron sizes(8 and 1.5μm)could significantly enhance the micro-hardness of the Ni composite coatings.Nevertheless,electrochemical measurements demonstrate that micron-sized SiC particles would weaken the corrosion resistance of Ni composite coatings ascribed to the structure defects induced.In contrast,the combined incorporation of nanosized(50 nm)SiC particles with medium micron(1.5μm)ones is capable of promoting the compactness of the composite coatings,which is beneficial to the long-term corrosion resistance with negligible micro-hardness loss.

摘要： The electrodeposition approach is significant in electrode fabrication for practical application.Herein,the electrodeposited amorphous NiFe hydroxide species for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting reaction is demonstrated by revealing the synergistic effect influenced by the support electrode of Fe and Ni foil and the contents of Fe and Ni in the electrolyte.All the electrodeposited samples have an amorphous structure and similar profiles of binding energy and chemical states for Fe and Ni as characterized by the spectroscopic techniques.While the support effect and Fe/Ni synergistic effect are indeed observed for the varied catalytic performances observed for the different electrodes;the Ni foil supported catalyst exhibits much higher performance than that of the Fe foil supported catalyst,and the different redox potentials of Ni species in the different Fe/Ni electrode resulting from the Fe–Ni synergism are observed in the cyclic voltammetry curve analysis.The surface roughness and the electrochemical surface area are also influenced by the support effect and the Fe/Ni ratio in the plating electrolyte.The optimal electrode shows a very low overpotential of~200 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(-2),and very high catalytic stability by the consecutive cyclic voltammetry measurements and 20 h stability test.Though it has the largest electrochemical surface area,the highest catalytic efficiency for these active sites is also indicated by the specific activity and turnover frequency polarization curves.The current work shows the effective experience for the electrodeposited Fe/Ni based catalysts in large-scale fabrication,which can be more practical for hydrogen generation in the alkaline water electrolysis.

摘要： High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are suitable for engineering applications requiring excellent mechanical,corrosion,thermal,and magnetic properties.In the last decade,electrodeposition has emerged as a promising synthesis technique for HEAs.Research has focused on the influence of procedure parameters on the deposition of different HEA layers and the effect of their microstructure on their corrosion and magnetic properties.This review of current literature provides comprehensive information on HEAs and the use of direct and pulse electrodeposition as a synthesis technique for these materials.This review also addresses the research gaps on HEA production via electrodeposition,such as using other ceramic particles instead of graphene oxide in composite structures based on HEAs.

摘要： Ultrathin conversion coatings, made from aligned graphene derivatives and ammonium zirconium carbonate(AZC), were fabricated on stainless steel by electrodeposition. Sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) provided electronpathways and physical barriers to corrosive molecules. Electrodeposition ensured the alignment of SGO and thefacile fabrication of the coatings. AZC is an environmental-friendly crosslinking agent, water-repellent andcorrosion inhibitor. Upon dehydration reactions, AZC improved the cohesion between SGO layers and anchoredthe conversion coatings on metal substrates. When the mass ratio of SGO to AZC was 2:1, the corrosion currentdensity of the composite coatings reached 0.098 μA cm^(-2), while that of the bared stainless steel was1.04 μA cm ^(-2), given a coating thickness of only 500 nm. The electrical conductivity of SGO/AZC compositecoatings can be tailored from 3.84 × 10^(-5) to 2.28×10^(-3)S‧cm^(-1) by heat treatment and HI reduction, whichsatisfied the electrical conductivity requirement of wide applications in electronic industry, office appliances andpetroleum storage.

摘要： In this report, we demonstrate a novel technique for the microscopic patterning of gold by combining the photoreduction of Au^(Ⅲ)Br_(2)^(-)to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)and the electrochemical reduction of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)to elemental gold in a single step within solution. While mask-based methods have been the norm for electroplating, the adoption of direct laser writing for flexible, real-time patterning has not been widespread. Through irradiation using a 405 nm laser and applying a voltage corresponding to a selective potential window specific to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-), we have shown that we can locally deposit elemental gold at the focal point of the laser. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of the technique, we have collected data on the kinetics of the photoreduction reaction in ethanol and have deduced its rate law. We have confirmed the selective deposition of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-) within a potential window through controlled potential electrolysis experiments and through direct measurement on a quartz crystal microbalance. Finally, we have verified local deposition through scanning electron microscopy.

摘要： Electroreduction of CO_(2) into formate catalyzed by metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) is a promising avenue to promote the carbon cycle,but the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process in anode usually limited the reaction efficiency.Here,a new framework {(Me_(2) NH_(2))[Bi(L)]·4 DMF·2 H_(2) O}_n(V12) was constructed and structurally characterized(L=5,5'-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo [lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl) dibenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid;DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide).V12 possesses large one-dimensional channels with the size of 1.5 × 0.7 nm and exhibits good stability in common solvents.After V12 was modified on electrode via electrodeposition,as-synthesized sample exhibits impressive catalytic performance for the transformation of CO_(2) into formate with Faraday efficiency of93.2% and current density of 11.78 mA cm^(-2) at-0.9 V(vs.RHE).Control experiments revealed that the MOFs electrodeposition strategy significantly improves the charge transfer rate and introduces more structural defects,which promotes the reaction activity.Moreover,tetra hydroisoquinoline is added as an accelerant in the anode to achieve the simultaneous generation of formate and dihydroisoquinoline.More importantly,the cell voltage is reduced from 2.79 to 2.52 V at 10 mA cm^(-2) in a two-electrode system due to more positive reaction kinetics.This work provides an enlightening strategy for using MOFs to establish an effective system to achieve CO_(2) reduction while obtaining high value-added oxidation products.

摘要： Commercial Chinese ink was employed to disperse pristine vapor-grown carbon nanofibers(VGCNFs)in aqueous suspensions via horizontal ball milling.The obtained suspension was used to fabricate conductive paper-based composites through filtration-deposition onto filter paper.It was found that the carbon black particles from the Chinese ink helped separate VGCNFs and acted as connection points between the VGCNFs,while the glue reinforced the conduction network.Thus,the VGCNF-ink/paper ternary composite showed sufficiently low sheet resistance.With merely 2.5 mg·cm^(−2)VGCNFs,the sheet resistance could be reduced to 4.5Ω·sq^(−1).As a proof of concept,these paper-based composites were directly used as electrodes of solid-state symmetric electronic double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and the substrate for the electrodeposition of MnO_(2)to achieve higher electrochemical performances.The EDLCs fabricated with 2.5 mg·cm^(−2)VGCNFs showed a specific capacitance of 224 mF·cm^(−2)at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(−2),which was retained by 86.4%after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles.Moreover,thanks to the high electrical conductivity and the porous structure,the MnO_(2)decorated paper-based composites exhibited dramatically enhanced specific capacitance.It is believed that our finding offers an idea to directly utilize commercial Chinese ink for the fabrication of electrode materials.

摘要： A high-rate capability carbon-encapsulated polyaniline(PANI)composite is fabricated by a novel electrodeposition method of polyaniline on a carbon nanotube(CNT)forest,grown on carbon paper.This is followed by coating of an amorphous carbon layer via hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of glucose,forming a three-layer structure.We demonstrate that a slow scan rate,voltage-restricted electrodeposition process can be used to produce a uniform PANI coating on individual CNTs throughout the network.The CNT forest structure offers excellent electronic and structural connection for the PANI nanofiber network,while the coating of amorphous carbon reduces electrode resistance,promoting enhanced electrochemical performance and reinforced structural stability during charging and discharging.The as-prepared CNT/PANI/HTC composite exhibited a high specific capacitance of 571 F g-1 at 1 A g-1,and 557 F g-1 at 100 A g-1,whilst demonstrating a record rate capability of 98%capacitance retention,when the current density is increased 100-fold.This advanced rate performance indicates that a slow electrodeposition process produces an electrochemically stable three-layer composite with enhanced diffusion kinetics.Hence,the method developed in this work establishes further control on the electrochemical deposition of energy storage materials,for high-rate capability.

摘要： Single phase iron pyrite (FeS2) films have been successfully deposited on ITO-coated glass substrates using a 3-electrode electrochemical system with graphite as the counter electrode and Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. In this single-step electrodeposition, the FeS precursor thin film was directly electrodeposited on the conductive substrate from the electrolytic bath solution which contained FeSO4.7H2O as an iron source, and Na2S2O3.5H2O as a sulfur source. The deposition was carried out potentiostatically at a constant potential of -0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl at room temperature. The growth of the iron pyrite phase was achieved by annealing the as-deposited at 500°C for an hour in an ambient of sulfur to form the pyrite phase. For sulfurization, two different techniques, one using the Kipp’s apparatus and a second, which involved heating elemental sulfur at 200°C, were used for the production of the sulfur gas. X-ray diffraction analyses of the sulfurized films showed that both sulfurization techniques appeared to form the pyrite phase, however, the second method yielded films with maximum crystalline order and stoichiometry with no discernable impurity peaks. Optical absorption measurements revealed the existence of a direct transition with an estimated band gap of 1.75 eV. SEM micrograph showed a compact morphology with a rough surface made up of crystallites of irregular shapes and sizes with well-defined edges, covering the entire substrate. EDAX analysis of the film was consistent with the formation of FeS2 pyrite thin films.

摘要： Ni-S-Co alloy was prepared by electrodeposition in a modified Watts bath with addition of thiourea (TU) and CoCl2. The structure and morphology were determined by XRD and SEM respectively. The contents of S and Co were measured by EPMA. The electrochemical properties of the alloy used as a cathode, including hydrogen evolution overvoltage n (h.o.v.), Tafel slope b and exchange current density f were measured. The HER mechanism and steady-state behavior of Ni-S-Co alloy in alkaline media were also investigated. The results indicate that the structure of Ni-S-Co alloy obtained is amorphous and it shows much higher electrochemical activity than other electrodes including amorphous Ni-S and Ni-S(La) electrodes. The HER on Ni-S-Co alloy cathode is a fast Volmer reaction following a slow Heyrovsky reaction, and the high electrocatalytic HER property is mainly due to the large amount of adsorbed H atoms.

摘要： The electrodeposition of TiB2 on graphite was carried out from TiO2-B2O3-LiF-KF melts using CCP(continuous current plating) and PCP(pulsed current plating). The effects of cathodtc current density and B/Ti molar ratio on the coating were examined, the composition of coating were identified by X-Ray .diffraction and the morphology was observed by electron scanning microscope. The coatings electrodeposited by PCP revealed better qualities compared with those obtained by CPC, they were uniform, dense, adherent and fewer cracks with metallic brightness and very fine grains, when the following conditions were used :(TiO2: B2O3: KF: LiF molar ratio=0.06: 0.4t 0.74: 0.8, ton/toff 3/1,pulsed interval 2.3ms,pulse frenquencyies 100HZ .current density 0.6 A.cm-2, depositing time 50min) .

摘要： Electrochemical synthesis of titanium diboride has been investigated in fluoride-chloride electrolytes(KF-KCl)at 750°C.K2TiF6 and KBF4 in the molar ration of 1：5 were introduced.When the cathode current density varied from 0.3 tp 1.0 A/cm2,titanium diboride can be deposited either in the form of nodular deposits,coherent coatings or dendritic deposits.The nodular dcposites were formed at the densities varying from 0.3 to 0.5 A/cm2,the high-quality,metallic-bright coatings were prepared at the current densities from 0.6 to 0.9 A/cm2 (preferably at 0.6 A/cm2),the coatings were composed of relatively pure TiB2 and had a good adherence to the substrate,the XRD patterns showed the preferred orientation is(001)+(002).At the 0.6 A/cm2,the coatings were more compacted,with less pores,impurities,when the density is 1.0 A/cm2,the deposits were dendritic.

摘要： Electrochemical synthesis of titanium diboride has been investigated in fluoride-chloride electrolytes(KF-KCl)at 750°C.K2TiF6 and KBF4 in the molar ration of 1：5 were introduced.When the cathode current density varied from 0.3 tp 1.0 A/cm2,titanium diboride can be deposited either in the form of nodular deposits,coherent coatings or dendritic deposits.The nodular dcposites were formed at the densities varying from 0.3 to 0.5 A/cm2,the high-quality,metallic-bright coatings were prepared at the current densities from 0.6 to 0.9 A/cm2 (preferably at 0.6 A/cm2),the coatings were composed of relatively pure TiB2 and had a good adherence to the substrate,the XRD patterns showed the preferred orientation is(001)+(002).At the 0.6 A/cm2,the coatings were more compacted,with less pores,impurities,when the density is 1.0 A/cm2,the deposits were dendritic.

摘要： Electrochemical synthesis of titanium diboride has been investigated in fluoride-chloride electrolytes(KF-KCl)at 750°C.K2TiF6 and KBF4 in the molar ration of 1：5 were introduced.When the cathode current density varied from 0.3 tp 1.0 A/cm2,titanium diboride can be deposited either in the form of nodular deposits,coherent coatings or dendritic deposits.The nodular dcposites were formed at the densities varying from 0.3 to 0.5 A/cm2,the high-quality,metallic-bright coatings were prepared at the current densities from 0.6 to 0.9 A/cm2 (preferably at 0.6 A/cm2),the coatings were composed of relatively pure TiB2 and had a good adherence to the substrate,the XRD patterns showed the preferred orientation is(001)+(002).At the 0.6 A/cm2,the coatings were more compacted,with less pores,impurities,when the density is 1.0 A/cm2,the deposits were dendritic.

摘要： Electrochemical synthesis of titanium diboride has been investigated in fluoride-chloride electrolytes(KF-KCl)at 750°C.K2TiF6 and KBF4 in the molar ration of 1：5 were introduced.When the cathode current density varied from 0.3 tp 1.0 A/cm2,titanium diboride can be deposited either in the form of nodular deposits,coherent coatings or dendritic deposits.The nodular dcposites were formed at the densities varying from 0.3 to 0.5 A/cm2,the high-quality,metallic-bright coatings were prepared at the current densities from 0.6 to 0.9 A/cm2 (preferably at 0.6 A/cm2),the coatings were composed of relatively pure TiB2 and had a good adherence to the substrate,the XRD patterns showed the preferred orientation is(001)+(002).At the 0.6 A/cm2,the coatings were more compacted,with less pores,impurities,when the density is 1.0 A/cm2,the deposits were dendritic.

摘要： Nickel-sulfur electrode was obtained in a modified Watts bath by adding thiourea (TU) into the bath. The effects of TU concentration, current density, temperature and pH value of electrodepositing solution on the sulfur content of Ni-S alloy were systematically studied. The electrochemical properties, including the hydrogen evolution overvoltages n (h.o.v.), the Tafel slope b, the exchange current density ? and the activation energy △H* of Ni-S cathodes were measured. Results indicated that the main factors which influenced sulfur content in the Ni-S coatings were the TU concentration and the current density, and that Ni-S electrodes obtained showed much higher HER electrochemical activity than the mild steel or other nickel-based alloys. The structures of Ni-S coatings with various sulfur content were determined by XRD and the corresponding micrographs were obtained by SEM. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors in electrodepositing solutions with and without thiourea were studied and discussed.

摘要： Nickel-sulfur electrode was obtained in a modified Watts bath by adding thiourea (TU) into the bath. The effects of TU concentration, current density, temperature and pH value of electrodepositing solution on the sulfur content of Ni-S alloy were systematically studied. The electrochemical properties, including the hydrogen evolution overvoltages n (h.o.v.), the Tafel slope b, the exchange current density ? and the activation energy △H* of Ni-S cathodes were measured. Results indicated that the main factors which influenced sulfur content in the Ni-S coatings were the TU concentration and the current density, and that Ni-S electrodes obtained showed much higher HER electrochemical activity than the mild steel or other nickel-based alloys. The structures of Ni-S coatings with various sulfur content were determined by XRD and the corresponding micrographs were obtained by SEM. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors in electrodepositing solutions with and without thiourea were studied and discussed.

摘要： Nickel-sulfur electrode was obtained in a modified Watts bath by adding thiourea (TU) into the bath. The effects of TU concentration, current density, temperature and pH value of electrodepositing solution on the sulfur content of Ni-S alloy were systematically studied. The electrochemical properties, including the hydrogen evolution overvoltages n (h.o.v.), the Tafel slope b, the exchange current density ? and the activation energy △H* of Ni-S cathodes were measured. Results indicated that the main factors which influenced sulfur content in the Ni-S coatings were the TU concentration and the current density, and that Ni-S electrodes obtained showed much higher HER electrochemical activity than the mild steel or other nickel-based alloys. The structures of Ni-S coatings with various sulfur content were determined by XRD and the corresponding micrographs were obtained by SEM. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors in electrodepositing solutions with and without thiourea were studied and discussed.

摘要： Nickel-sulfur electrode was obtained in a modified Watts bath by adding thiourea (TU) into the bath. The effects of TU concentration, current density, temperature and pH value of electrodepositing solution on the sulfur content of Ni-S alloy were systematically studied. The electrochemical properties, including the hydrogen evolution overvoltages n (h.o.v.), the Tafel slope b, the exchange current density ? and the activation energy △H* of Ni-S cathodes were measured. Results indicated that the main factors which influenced sulfur content in the Ni-S coatings were the TU concentration and the current density, and that Ni-S electrodes obtained showed much higher HER electrochemical activity than the mild steel or other nickel-based alloys. The structures of Ni-S coatings with various sulfur content were determined by XRD and the corresponding micrographs were obtained by SEM. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors in electrodepositing solutions with and without thiourea were studied and discussed.