摘要:
Education investment is the most important way for the formation and accumulation of human capital. There are benefits and opportunity costs to education. Under the cost-benefit analysis framework, rational economic subjects will think about the cost and benefit of education. The education participation rate in the non-compulsory education stage can not only be used as an important indicator to measure the size of a country or region's human capital stock, but also can reflect the rational choice of citizens in a country or region between different levels of education. Under the condition of opening, international trade, to allocate resources across national boundaries, will affect the family's human investment decision and urge the family to redeploy human capital investment. Therefore, theoretically, foreign trade will be an important variable affecting the participation rate of non-compulsory education in China. By establishing a regression model, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between China's international trade and China's non-compulsory education participation rate. The empirical results show that China's international trade promotes the education participation rate of senior high school in China's population and increases the education participation rate of junior college or higher education in China's population, which is beneficial to the overall human capital investment and accumulation in China. Moreover, the expansion of international trade has a greater positive impact on the educational participation rate at the tertiary and higher education levels than on the educational participation rate at the high school level, which has played a positive role in the transformation of China from a country with a large population to a country with a strong population. Therefore, we must adhere to the basic state policy of opening to the world, do our best to reduce the negative effects of trade frictions and promote the upgrading of the structure of international trade.%教育投资是人力资本形成和积累的最主要渠道,是理性的经济主体进行资源配置的方式.接受教育既会获得收益,也有机会成本.理性的经济主体会在成本—收益的分析范式下,对接受教育的时限进行成本—收益权衡.非义务教育阶段的教育参与率不仅可以作为衡量一个国家或地区人力资本存量大小的重要指标,而且也能够反映一个国家或地区的国民在不同教育阶段之间进行的理性选择.在开放条件下,对外贸易作为跨越国界配置资源的一种方式,一定会影响家庭的人力投资决策,促使家庭对人力资本投资进行再配置.所以从理论上讲,对外贸易将是影响我国非义务教育层次教育参与率的重要变量.通过建立回归模型,文章实证分析了我国的对外贸易与我国非义务教育阶段教育参与率之间的关系.实证结果表明,我国对外贸易促进了我国人口中的高中阶段教育参与率,也提高了我国人口中接受大专及以上教育阶段的教育参与率,从而有益于我国整体的人力资本投资和积累.并且对外贸易规模的扩大,对接受大专及以上教育阶段教育参与率的正向影响强度,大于对高中教育阶段教育参与率的正向影响强度,为实现我国由人口大国向人口强国的转变起到了积极作用.因而,必须坚持对外开放这一基本国策,尽力减少贸易摩擦的负面影响,促进对外贸易结构的升级.