摘要：
背景 白内障手术中劈核操作是关键环节.手工预劈核技术的不断革新有助于缩短超声乳化的耗时,减小超声能量,避免对眼内组织造成严重的损伤. 目的 评价反式劈核钩预劈核技术用于超高度近视伴核性白内障超声乳化术中的效果和安全性,并与传统超声乳化劈核法进行比较. 方法 采用前瞻性随机对照的研究方法,纳入于2016年3-9月在北京同仁医院就诊的超高度近视合并白内障患者40例40眼,眼轴长度＞27.0 mm、屈光度＞-10.0D,患眼晶状体核为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级.采用随机数字表法将患眼随机分成预劈核组和传统超声乳化劈核组,在白内障超声乳化摘出+人工晶状体(IOL)植入术中分别选择反式劈核钩预劈核及传统超声乳化劈核,比较2个组术中角膜内皮损失率、角膜水肿程度的差异,以评价预劈核技术的安全性,比较2种方法的有效超声时间、超声能量差异,测定术眼术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)(对数视力表)变化,以评价预劈核技术的临床效果. 结果 2个组术眼手术均顺利.预劈核组术眼平均有效超声时间为(47.30±11.29)s,传统超声乳化劈核组为(57.70±14.51)s,差异有统计学意义(=-2.530,P=0.016).术后7d,预劈核组和传统超声乳化劈核组术眼BCVA分别为4.75±0.11和4.67±0.14,差异有统计学意义(t=2.147,P=0.038).术后1个月,预劈核组术眼角膜内皮细胞丢失率为(10.82±3.77)％,低于传统超声乳化劈核组的(16.11±6.47)％,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.758,P=0.001).术后7d,预劈核组术眼的2级和3级角膜水肿眼数明显少于传统超声乳化劈核组,差异有统计学意义(Z=11.822,P=0.008).结论 与传统超声乳化劈核操作比较,反式劈核钩预劈核技术用于超高度近视伴Ⅲ～Ⅳ级核白内障超声乳化手术临床效果好,对组织创伤小.%Background The innovation of pre-chop technique lies in shortening surgery duration,reducing ultrasound power,and deseasing the loss of corneal endothelial cells (CECs).Objective This study was to compare the efficacy and safety of pre-chop technique using a reverse-chopper and phaco-and-chop phaco technique to super high myopia associated with hard nucleus cataract.Methods A prospective randomized-controlled-clinical interventional study was performed.Fourty eyes of 40 high myopia associated with cataract patients with Ⅲ-ⅣV degree of nucleus were enrolled in Beijing Tongren Hospital from March to September 2016.The patients were randomized into the pre-chop group and matched phaco-and-chop group according to random number table,and the self-made reverse chopper-assisted pre-chop phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery and phaco-and-chop phaco surgery were performed on the eyes of different groups,respectively.The phaco power,effective phaco duration and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded and compared between the two groups to evaluate the efficacy,and the loss rate of corneal endothelial cells and eyes in different grades of cornea edema after operation were compared between the two groups to assess the safety of surgery procedure.Written informed consent from each patient was obtained prior to relevant examination and surgery.Results The surgery was finished smoothly in the eyes.The mean effective phaco duration was (47.30±11.29) seconds and (57.70± 14.51) seconds in the pre-chop group and phaco-andchop group,respectively,with a significant difference between them (t =-2.530,P =0.016).The BCVA was better at the seventh day after surgery in the pre-ehop group than that in the phaco-and-chop group (4.75t0.11 vs.4.67± 0.14),showing a significant difference between the two groups (t=2.147,P=0.038).In 1 month after surgery,the CECs loss rate was (10.82±3.77)％ in the pre-chop group,which was lower than (16.11±6.47)％ in the phacoand-chop group (t=-3.758,P=0.001).The number of the eyes with grade 2-3 of corneal edema in the pre-chop group was significantly decreased in comparison with the phaco-and-chop group 7 days after surgery (Z =11.822,P=0.008).Conclusions Compared with the conventional phaco-and-chop technique,reverse-chopper prechop technique appears to have a better efficacy and safety in phaco surgery for high-myopia associated with hard nuclear cataractous eyes.
