摘要：
本试验采用地统计学的方法对冀北山地小东沟干旱阳坡土壤表层养分及土壤厚度的空间分布规律进行了研究.结果表明:除速效钾外,其他土壤养分因子及土壤厚度均服从正态分布,变异系数CV在13.91％～82.65％之间,均属中等变异性;从空间结构特征来看,除有机质表现出中等强度的空间自相关外,其他土壤养分因子及土壤厚度均表现出强烈的空间自相关;各土壤养分因子空间变异的结构性因子所占比例为0.662～0.942,结构性因子主导了土壤的空间异质性的形成.并且,除有机质及土壤厚度外,其他土壤养分因子均具有明显的各向异性.土壤厚度呈明显的条带状分布及斑块状分布,在垂直方向上,土层厚度随坡位的上升呈逐渐下降的趋势.土壤全氮和有机氮的空间分布与有机质有明显的重合,全磷的空间分布与有效磷较为一致,且总体上东部地段高于西部地段,全钾含量的分布没有明显的规律性,速效钾含量东部明显高于西部,但空间差异相对较小.%The spatial heterogeneity of surface soil nutrient and soil depth in dry south-slope of Xiaodonggou in North Mountain of Hebei was studied by using the methods of geostatistics.The results show that in addition to available K,the other soil nutrient factors and soil depth were in normal distribution,and the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 13.91％ to 82.65％,suggesting a moderate variability.In terms of the spatial structure,In addition to organic matter showed moderate spatial autocorrelation,other soil nutrient factors and soil depth show strong isotropic spatial autocorrelation.The structural factors affecting soil nutrient spatial heterogeneity accounted for 0.662 to 0.942,and the spatial heterogeneity is mainly affected by structural factors.The spatial distribution of soil nutrient were characterized by strip and patch,and they decreased from up slope to down slope.At the same time,the soil nutrient factors have obvious anisotropy in addition to organic matter and soil depth.In the spatial distribution,the spatial distribution patterns of organic matter,available N and total N were similar,and the distributions of total P and available P were consistent,and the contents of total P and available P were higher in the east than in the west.There was no obvious regularity for total K distribution,and the content of available K was significantly higher in the east than in thewest,with small spatial variation.
