摘要：
目的 检测与分析患者输血前的感染性指标水平,为临床血液传染病的预防控制提供参考.方法 选取2013年6月至2016年1月期间我院收治的2450例拟接受输血的患者作为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定患者输血前的感染性指标检测,包括乙型肝炎五项标志物、抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体(hepatitis c virus antibody,抗-HCV)、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(human immunodeficiency virus antibody,抗-HIV)以及抗梅毒螺旋体抗体(treponema pallidum antibody,抗-TP),结果 2450例患者输血前感染性指标检测中,乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb)的阳性率最高,为23.18%,其次为乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg),阳性率为11.27%;患者存在2~3重感染模式,其中以乙型肝炎E抗体(hepatitis B e antibody,HBeAb)+HBsAb模式的阳性率最高,为1.18%,其次是HBsAg+HBsAb+乙肝表面核心抗体(hepatitis B core antibody,HBcAb)模式的,为1.06%;男性患者乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)、HBeAb、HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP阳性率均高于女性患者的,但差异无统计学意义;年龄>60岁患者的HBeAg、HBeAb、HBsAg、抗-HCV和抗-TP阳性率明显低于年龄0.05).结论 输血患者输血前感染性指标的检测均具有一定比例的阳性检出率.加强输血前感染性指标的检测,可保证临床用血安全,减少医疗纠纷.%Objective To detect and analyze the infectious indicators before blood transfusion, so to provide reference for prevention of blood-borne diseases.Methods A total of 2450 patients of hospitalzed patients needing blood transfusion therapy from June 2013 to January 2016 were randomly selected as research objects.We detected the infectious indicators before blood transfusion by enzyme linked immunodorbent assay,including five examination of hepatitis b, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP.Results The positive rate of HBsAb was 23.18%,which was the highest positive rate of 2450 patients, the second highest was HBsAg with positive rate 11.27%.The patients presented 2-3 modes of superinfections.There was 1.18% of patients of HBeAb+HBsAb mode superinfections, and there was 1.06% of patients of HBsAg+HBsAb+HBcAb mode superinfections.The positive rate of HBeAg,HBeAb、HBsAg,HBsAb,HBcAb, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP in male patients were higher than that in female patients, but the differences were not statistically significance(P>0.05).The positive rate of HBeAg,HBeAb,HBsAg in patients who were >60 years old were lower than that of 0.05).Conclusion Before blood transfusion, the infection index detection have a percentage of the positive rate.The more aggressive detection of infection index before blood transfusion can ensure the safety of clinical blood use,reduce medical disputes.
