摘要：
于2015年春、夏季,在天津市选取4条不同等级道路进行路边空气颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)采集,并分析其中16种无机元素.结果表明,春季PM2.5和PM10的平均浓度显著高于夏季路边环境中PM25/PM10低于非路边环境中空气颗粒物比值,且次干道和快速路分别在PM2.5和PM10中污染最严重.元素浓度分析显示,PM25和PM10中Si、Al、Ca等地壳元素浓度最高,次干道和快速路受人为元素影响较大,外环路所受影响较小;富集因子(PM2.5和PM10)分析结果显示,Ph、Zn、Cu、Sb、Sn和Cd的EF＞10,是路边环境中富集程度较高的元素.通过Kruskal-WallisH检验,PM2.5中各元素富集因子在4条道路上存在显著性差异,次干道受机动车污染较严重.PM2.5和PM10中因子分析结果有一定差异,PM2.5分析结果显示采样期间该区域主要污染源有开放源(土壤尘、扬尘、道路尘及建筑尘)、机动车排放源(尾气和非尾气源)、燃烧源和工业源,其中机动车排放源在人为源污染中占比最高.%Inhalableparticulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) samples were collected from four different grades of roads during the spring and summer of 2015 in Tianjin and 16kinds of inorganic elements were analyzed.The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in the spring were significantly higher than that in summer.The ratios of PMz5/PM10 by the roadside were lower than that of non-roadside environment,and the pollution of the minor arterial and the express way were more serious in PM2.5 and PM10,respectively.Element concentration analysis showed that the crustal elements (such as Si、A1、Ca) concentrations in PM2.5 and PM10 were the highest.The minor arterial and the expressway were effected seriously by artificial elements,while the outer loop was effected lightly.Enrichment factor inboth PM2.5 and PM10 analysis showed thatthe enrichment factor ratio ofPb,Zn,Cu,Sb,Sn and Cd were greater than 10,which were highly enriched by the roadside.Kruskal-Wallis H test proved that the enrichment factor of these elements of PM2.5 showed significant differences among the four types of roads.And the minor arterial was effected seriously by vehicle pollution.There were differences among the factor analysis results of PM2.5 and PM10.The factor analysis in PM2.5 indicated that open source(soil,air-born particulate,road dust and construction dust),vehicle emission(exhaust emission and non-exhaust emission),combustion source and industrial emissions were primary sources in this area during the sampling period,in which vehicle emission source accounted for the highest proportion of anthropogenic pollution.
