diversity

摘要： Castor(Ricinus communis L.)is an important tropical oilseed crop,whose oil has versatile,practical value,especially in industries.The present study aimed to estimate the nature and magnitude of variability in the castor germplasm concerning yield and its component traits and physico-biochemical characters.Seed yield per plant and oil content ranged from 80.90 g(ICS-165)to 248.30 g(RG-3216),and 34.7%(ICS-172)to 58.7%(JI-277),respectively.The iodine value of oil ranged from 76.36(JI-370)to 89.84(P2-135)with an average value of 83.02.The mean saponification value of oil was 182.24.The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for acid value,capsules on the main raceme,seed yield per plant,and total length of the main raceme.A positive association of porosity,average unit volume,and total length of the main raceme with seed yield per plant showed that these characters might be directly attributed to seed yield improvement.By Manhattan distances,the 30 genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters.Their genetic diversity was elucidated using SSR and SRAP markers.SRAP marker produced higher mean number of total bands(5.71),polymorphic bands(4.57),percentage polymorphism(83.10%),PIC(1.72),RP(5.90),mean RP(1.02),MR(5.71),EMR(4.57)and MI(1.44)values when compared to SSR(2.89,2.11,79.63%,0.61,1.90,0.72,2.89,2.11 and 0.49,respectively)marker.The highest genetic distance(0.77)was between 48-1 and JI-370,which indicated that these genotypes could be used in biparental mating schemes,QTL map development,and hybridization programmes to increase oil content and quality for industrial purposes.

摘要： Termites are social insects that live in colonies underground. Globally, there are 3000 termite species, of which 39% are found in Africa. Termites are used as food and livestock feed in most communities of the world. In Kenya, termites are consumed by many communities, especially in the western region. Termite species diversity across different parts of the Luanda sub-county was established as there are many edible and non-edible species in the area. This study assessed the species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county, and characterized them morphologically. Termites were sampled in Luanda sub-county using the line transect method. The collected termites were preserved in tubes containing 70% Ethanol. The preserved samples were taken to the National Museums of Kenya for morphological identification up to species level. Species richness of each habitat was analyzed for diversity (Shannon-Wiener) index and Shannon index by using Vegan package version 1.16 - 32 in R. The differences in species composition and diversity of termites were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Morphological identification recorded seven species, namely, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes spp1, Macrotermes sp1, Pseudocanthotermes grandiceps, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes spp2 and Pseudocanthotermes militaris. The results of this study showed that the Shannon diversity index H was 0.3606 while Simpson index D was 0.20644, which implied a high species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county a leading producer of edible termites in Kenya.

摘要： Pandé is a Congolese fermented food produced from fruit pulps of raffia palm. The aim of this study was to explore the diversities in bacterial communities in the unfermented pulps (control) (PNFL) and fermented pulps obtained from fruits using boiling (PMF) and purchased at markets in Brazzaville (PFL) and using Illumina MiSeqTM sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. A total number of 157,054 sequences was obtained and grouped into 737 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These were classified into 13 phyla, 26 classes, 48 orders, 96 families and 176 genera. At the phylum level, the most frequent bacterial communities were: for PFM, Proteobacteria (38.94%) and Firmicutes (19.37%);for PFL, Firmicutes (69.10%) and Proteobacteria (30.89%);for PNFL, Firmicutes (84.92%) and Proteobacteria (14.22%). were the most frequent in PFL, while Acidobacteria (40.02%), Proteobacteria (38.94%) and Firmicutes (19.37%) were preponderant in PFM. Firmicutes (84.92%) and Proteobacteria (14.22%) were the most common in unfermented pulps (PNFL). Lactobacillus (47.70%) and Gluconobacter genera (15.33%) were the most represented in the PFL sample. Acidipila (35.56%) and Rhizomicrobium (11.41%) were preponderant genera in the PFM sample. Weissella genus was the most frequent in the PNFL sample. Hierarchical cluster indicated that the samples could be grouped into two groups of different origins. PCA showed that main genera were higher in the fermented samples. The diversity was higher in the fermented pulps or Pandé than in the unfermented pulps. Pandé can be a potential source for the isolation of bacteria with biotechnological potential.

摘要： Some benthic Prorocentrum can produce okadaic acid(OA)and dinophysistoxins(DTXs)that cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning(DSP)in humans.The diversity and toxin profi les(OA and DTXs)of benthic Prorocentrum were investigated in the Xisha Islands,South China Sea.The benthic Prorocentrum was identified by both morphological features and molecular phylogenies.Morphologies were examined by light,fluorescence,and scanning electron microscopy,and phylogenetic analyses were based on partial large subunit(LSU)rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2(ITS)region.Seven Prorocentrum species including P.borbonicum,P.caipirignum,P.concavum,P.elegans,P.cf.emarginatum,P.lima complex,and P.rhathymum were identified in Xisha Islands.Among them,P.borbonicum and P.elegans were recorded in Chinese waters for the first time.OA and DTXs contents of seven benthic Prorocentrum species were evaluated based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).All Xisha Islands strains of P.lima complex produced OA at contents ranging from 1663 to 3816 fg/cell.P.caipirignum also generated OA at 407 fg/cell,but other five species had no detectable toxins.Besides,interestingly,two strains of P.lima complex produced DTX-1 only(74 and 183 fg/cell)and another two strains generated an isomer of OA and DTX-2.Our findings provided insight into the biodiversity of benthic Prorocentrum in the Xisha Islands and pointed out the potential risk of DSP in this area.

摘要： Ganga is the most prestigious river of India.The COVID-19 lockdown may have forced us to stay indoors,but it has been boon for pollution-ridden Ganga and Yamuna.Plankton is tiny organisms drifting with water current,influenced by river physical and chemical factors.During lockdown anthropogenic factors were reduced which affected water and plankton quality.Plankton samples were collected from the upstream of the river Ganga(Shankerghat,latitude 25030’28”N and longitude,81052’10”E)and Yamuna(near boat club,latitude 25024’29”N and longitude 81054’50”E)at Prayagraj,during national lockdown.In the before lockdown period(2019),total 28 planktonic taxa were recorded from the river Ganga,among them 10 taxa from Bacillariophyceae,15 from Chlorophyceae and 3 from Myxophyceae.While during LD period total 54 genera with 86 species was recorded(Bacillariophyceae 10 taxa,Chlorophyceae 23 taxa,Myxophyceae 9 taxa,Euglenophyceae 2 taxa,Dianophyceae,1,Rotiferea 7 taxa,Protozoa 2 taxa).Various species of green algae were observed in this small period of lockdown,some species were not observed since a long,like Pediastrum tetras,Scenedesmus abundans,Ankistrodesmus fusiformis,and Brachionus angularis.Various species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were in reproductive phase because river was flowing silently,without any internal and external disturbance.Ganga was more affected by anthropogenic activity and factory discharge than Yamuna So lack of chemicals in the water and minimum human interference favoured auto rejuvenation of Ganga in terms of plankton quality,diversity and reproduction behaviour.Such type of environmental changes may stimulate for origin of new species and disappear or reappear of various aquatic species.

摘要： Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant seed oil.Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species,including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil,Malania oleifera,Macaranga adenantha,and M.indica.M.oleifera had the largest seed(average 7.40 g single seed),highest oil content(58.71%),and highest NA level(42.22%).The germplasm diversity of M.oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation.Seeds of M.adenantha contained higher NA levels(28.41%)than M.indica(21.77%),but M.indica contained a significantly higher oil content(29.22%)and seed yield.M.adenantha germplasm varied among populations,with one population having seeds with high oil content(22.63%)and NA level(37.78%).Although M.indica grow naturally at a range of elevations,no significant differences were detected between M.indica populations.These results suggest that M.indica and M.oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA,which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.

摘要： Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs) could be used to sustainably improve crop yields. The present study evaluated the diversity of AMF species associated with soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) in main soybean-producing areas in Benin. Composite soil samples from 13 production areas at a rate of 04 villages per production areas were collected. A spore trapping device was set up to reveal the diversity of spores. The physical and chemical properties of the soils, the frequency and intensity of mycorrhization of roots, and the diversity of AMF spores were determined in the soil samples following trapping. As result, eight morphotypes belonging to four genera: Glomus, Acaulospora Gigaspora and Disversispora and three families: Diversisporales, Glomérales and Paraglomérales were observed. An important variability of spore densities was observed from one production areas to another with a higher abundance in the production areas of Copargo estimated at 3584 spores/100g soil. The biological diversity indexes as Shannon (0.0311), Simpson (0.0204) and Hill (0.0235), varied significantly (p < 0.05) from one production areas to another. There was significant correlation between the parameters studied, particularly between the physico-chemical parameters of the soils and between the physico-chemical parameters and the biological diversity indexes. For the mycorrhization parameters, the mycorhization frequencies did not vary from one production areas to another, unlike the intensities, which significantly varied from one production areas to another (2.31% to 24.62%). Finally, this study revealed that the physico-chemical parameters of the soils had an influence on the other parameters studied. Moreover, there were an abundance and a significant diversification of AMFs associated with soybean in the different production areas, which are influenced by certain physico-chemical soil parameters.

摘要： Winged bean[Psophocarpus tetragonolobus(L.)DC.]is a vegetable legume crop.The center of origin,diversity and domestication of this crop are not known.In this study,we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of 457 accessions of winged bean collected from six geographical regions(North,Northeast,East,West,and central,and South)in Thailand using 14 simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers.In total,the SSR markers detected only 55 alleles with an average of 3.9 alleles per locus.Observed heterozygosity was relatively high(0.15)and overall gene diversity was moderate(0.487).Gene diversity,allelic richness and observed heterozygosity in the six regions were comparable,while the estimated out-crossing rate was relatively high(16.4%).STRUCTURE analysis grouped the 457 winged bean accessions into three subpopulations.Neighbor-joining(NJ)analysis grouped all the accessions into two major clusters.Genetic groups identified by both STRUCTURE analysis and NJ analysis were unrelated to geographical origins.Principal coordinate analysis revealed no clear clustering of the winged bean accessions.Although genetic groups were not unrelated to geographical origins,most of the winged bean accessions with long pods(30 cm or higher in length)or having purple seed coats or purple young pods were grouped together.This suggested that the winged beans with long pods or with purple seed or purple young pods may have a single origin.Altogether,these results demonstrated that the genetic diversity of winged bean in Thailand was moderate with high genetic admixture.We argue that the high genetic admixture of the winged bean in Thailand is due to seed migration and relatively high outcrossing rate.

摘要： Wireless sensor networks are widely used in today's fields,such as scientific research,industry and agriculture.However,due to the influence of its geographical location and the problems of low coverage and waste of resources caused by random placement,it is very important to adopt appropriate strategies to improve its coverage.To this end,an improved GND-DE(Global and Neighborhood Difference Guided DE)algorithm is proposed.This algorithm uses both the global topology structure and the neighborhood topology structure,combined with the evaluation of contemporary optimization results,and selects the results from the two topology structures.The value-dominant individual,the individual to be evolved and the two dominant individuals calculate the difference operator corresponding to the two topological structures;a diversity neighborhood topology is proposed for the creation of the neighborhood topology;at the same time,the algorithm step size factor F is adaptively adjusted and the JADE external archive mutation strategy is introduced to eliminate the possibility of algorithm search stagnation.In order to verify the effectiveness of its improved algorithm,compared with other mainstream improved algorithms on the CEC2017 test set,it shows that its optimization efficiency and convergence are better than other comparison algorithms;finally,GND-DE is applied to WSN node coverage optimization,which proves the feasibility of its optimization strategy.

摘要： Objective:Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)is associated with lung-heat syndrome and is related to recurrent respiratory infection.Upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)lung heat syndrome is common in children.The study will explore the effect of GHRS on the structure and function of gut microbiota in children with URTI lung-heat syndrome.Methods:Participants were divided into both groups using the self-developed URTI scale and the“GHRS Diagnostic Scale$Pediatric Part”:GHRS-positive children(LS group)and GHRS-negative children(L group).General information,clinical symptoms,and stool were collected.We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to determine the gene sequence of the V3eV4 region in feces and measure the gut microbiota of the both groups at the genus level.Results:A total of 23 children were included in the both groups.There were 12 cases in the LS group and 11 cases in the L group.There was no statistical difference between the both groups in age,gender,height,weight,and body mass index.The effective sequences shared by the both groups accounted for 85.66%of the total.In the gut microbiota,there was no difference in the a diversity and the b diversity between the both groups.Compared with the L group,the LS group had a significant increase in the relative abundance of the Ruminococcus gnavus group,Prevotella-9,Staphylococcus,and Actinomyces(P<.05).The functions of the both groups of microbiota primarily concentrate on metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing.The relative abundance of signaling molecules and interactions in the LS group were higher than that in the L group(P<.05).The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the URTI score had the greatest impact on the distribution of microbiota.Conclusion:GHRS may affect the development of URTI lung-heat syndrome by changing the relative abundances of gut microbiota.

摘要： 本发明属于数据库的隐私保护技术领域，公开了一种基于l‑diversity规则和MDAV算法的处理大数据的方法，改进MDAV算法，生成新算法“(l,d,e)‑MDAV算法”算法，使其相较于MDAV在保证算法效率高、信息损失小的同时能抵御同志攻击并有较低的信息泄漏风险。通过实验证明新算法在处理数据表的匿名化有较好的效果。本发明人为给定的与质心的差异值，具有个性化的进一步研究价值。用户可以根据自身保密程度的需求设定e值的大小，能够起到最大化的隐私保护，最小化的泄密风险。

摘要： 本发明公开一种基于效用矩阵实现l‑diversity匿名的方法，涉及技术领域，包括：S1、获取用户属性标识，引入效用矩阵，计算效用矩阵所包含元素的取值概率；S2、设定参数L、聚类个数N，利用基于划分的聚类算法，对用户属性标识中敏感属性的值进行聚类，并输出聚类结果；S3、判断聚类结果中存在敏感属性值的个数是否小于参数L的设定值，若是，则执行S4，若否，则直接结束，并根据聚类结果对用户属性标识中的敏感属性值进行匿名；S4、设定聚类次数K的阈值，判断输出聚类结果时进行的聚类次数是否超过K的设定阈值，若是，则将聚类个数N减1后返回执行S2，若否，则直接返回执行S2。本发明通过将用户的敏感信息多样性提高到L，来更好地保护用户隐私。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于二次划分的敏感属性l‑diversity隐私保护方法，涉及匿名隐私保护技术领域。本发明先对原始数据集进行基于密度的划分，将原始数据集划分为若干个元组相似度较高的聚簇，再对每个划分得到的聚簇使用满足敏感属性多样性的微聚集方法进行二次划分，使得每个等价类中的敏感属性满足l‑diversity机制，从而使得发布数据集能够应对各种不同场景的攻击。通过大量实验表明，相比于现有的微聚集方法，本发明提出的方法能够有效降低匿名数据集的信息损失量，同时增加发布数据集的安全性。

摘要： 本发明属于数据库的隐私保护技术领域，公开了一种基于l‑diversity规则和MDAV算法的处理大数据的方法，改进MDAV算法，生成新算法“(l,d,e)‑MDAV算法”算法，使其相较于MDAV在保证算法效率高、信息损失小的同时能抵御同志攻击并有较低的信息泄漏风险。通过实验证明新算法在处理数据表的匿名化有较好的效果。本发明人为给定的与质心的差异值，具有个性化的进一步研究价值。用户可以根据自身保密程度的需求设定e值的大小，能够起到最大化的隐私保护，最小化的泄密风险。