Discovery

摘要： The discovery of hepatitis C has been a landmark in public health as it brought the opportunity to save millions of lives through the diagnosis,prevention and cure of the disease.The combined work of three researchers,Alter H,Houghton M and Rice C,which set the basis for the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of hepatitis C apart from laying the ground work for a new approach to study infections in general and developing new antiviral agents.This is a story of a transfusion-associated infection.A series of clinical studies demonstrated the existence of an infectious agent associated with hepatitis.That was followed by the identification of what was later known to be the hepatitis C virus(HCV)and the development of diagnostic tests.It all preceded the full molecular identification and demonstration of a causal effect.Finally it ended up with the development and discovery of a new class of therapeutic drugs,the direct acting antivirals,which are now used not only to cure the disease but most probably,to eliminate the problem.This work started with Dr Alter H who demonstrated that a new virus was responsible for the majority of post-transfusion hepatitis followed by Houghton M who cloned the virus and developed the blood test to identify those cases that carried the virus.Finally,the work of Rice C demonstrated that a cloned HCV produced after applying molecular biology techniques could cause long-standing infection and cause the same disease as the one observed in humans.

摘要： Karst habitats are hotspots of diversity and endemism. Their naturally fragmented distributions across broad geographic landscapes have led to the complex array of smaller evolutionary ecosystems that present unique challenges from a conservation perspective.Comprehensivebiodiversity assessments of karst habitats have revealed that these ecosystems contain an almost unparalleled level of endemism, and many site-restricted species remain undescribed, thus posing considerable challenges for effective conservation management.Small rock-dwelling species, such as geckos, may be particularly prone to such isolation. In this paper, we discuss one such genus, i.e.,Hemiphyllodactylus, and explore its diversity across karst landforms in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Based on morphological and genetic data, we describe two new species of Hemiphyllodactylus from karst habitats in Simao District and Yanshan County. A phylogenetic tree for Hemiphyllodactylus was constructed using 1?039 base pairs(bp) of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene(ND2). The Simao and Yanshan specimens can be distinguished from all other congeners within their respective subclades based on uncorrected genetic pairwise distances greater than 6.3% and 4.3%respectively, as well as significant morphological differences. The discovery and description of these two new species brings the total number of described Hemiphyllodactylus species in China to 14and indicates many more undescribed species from unsurveyed karst regions await discovery.Our findings suggest that karst ecosystems in Yunnan support a higher diversity of Hemiphyllodactylus than previously known.This study also highlights the importance of karst ecosystems as refugia for sitespecific endemic species and the need for heightened conservation efforts.

摘要： Since the milestone discovery of Ni(II)salicylaldiminate catalysts by Grubbs and co-workers[1],nickel(II)complexes with N,N-and N,O-donor ligands have strengthened their lead in the search for highly active platforms for olefins homo-and copolymerization with various co-monomers,including those with polar groups,to achieve polymers with precisely controlled microstructures[2,3].

摘要： 推荐理由千年一瞬,梦回敦煌。曲折流动的线条勾勒出一幅灵动飘逸、恢弘大气的画面,仿佛它就是敦煌壁画的缩影,意境非凡。该画面的构图疏密有致,虚实结合,深浅相衬,充满了节奏感和韵律感。画中的飞天姿态万千,有的飘游九天,有的扶摇直上,令人浮想联翩。绵长的飘带,妩媚的体态,漫天的舞姿,瞬间将我们带回到神秘奇幻的敦煌,让人流连忘返。

摘要： Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex disease with multiple pathogenic factors.Although the pathogenesis of IBD is still unclear,a current hypothesis suggests that genetic susceptibility,environmental factors,a dysfunctional immune system,the microbiome,and the interactions of these factors substantially contribute to the occurrence and development of IBD.Although existing and emerging drugs have been proven to be effective in treating IBD,none can cure IBD permanently.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are critical signaling molecules implicated in the immune response,cell proliferation,inflammation regulation and intestinal barrier maintenance.Breakthroughs in the understanding of the structures and functions of GPCRs have provided a driving force for exploring the roles of GPCRs in the pathogenesis of diseases,thereby leading to the development of GPCR-targeted medication.To date,a number of GPCRs have been shown to be associated with IBD,significantly advancing the drug discovery process for IBD.The associations between GPCRs and disease activity,disease severity,and disease phenotypes have also paved new avenues for the precise management of patients with IBD.In this review,we mainly focus on the roles of the most studied proton-sensing GPCRs,cannabinoid receptors,and estrogen-related GPCRs in the pathogenesis of IBD and their potential clinical values in IBD and some other diseases.

摘要： The key to answering many compelling and complex questions in Earth,planetary,and life science lies in breaking down the barriers between scientific fields and harnessing the integrated,multi-disciplinary power of Earth,planetary,and bioscience data resources.We have a unique opportunity to integrate large and rapidly expanding"big data"resources,to enlist powerful analytical and visualization methods,and to answer multi-disciplinary questions that cannot be addressed by one field alone.

摘要： '从星脉到揽胜极光,再到全新发现神行。我们不难发现,全新的设计语言在路虎家族中席卷而来。更为重要的是,新技术的导入让路虎家族面对多变的市场更有底气。'不出意料,新发现神行应用了星脉上所采用的全新一代设计语言,不过保留了自己原来的特点。新车型在前脸的变化最大,包括全新熏黑的进气格栅、全新前后灯组样式等、其中在灯组设计上,前后大灯采用更加扁平化的设计样式,雾灯区域细节也有了变化,呈现出'L'形的样式。另外,在保险杠、发动机底盘及进气口主动叶片等多处进行优化.

摘要： The purpose of this study was to examine specimens of the Jamaican Ball sponge Cinachyrella kuekenthali, collected from two proximal locations approximately 10 km apart on the North Coast of the island at comparable depths of 10 - 17 m. The locations represented two distinctly different environments—a silty bay area in proximity to a shipping channel (Columbus Park, Discovery Bay) in contrast to a pristine, clear reef wall (Rio Bueno, Trelawny). Two individuals were collected in a preliminary study in which cholesterol was found to be the main constituent of both extracts. Five individuals were collected from Columbus Park while six individuals were sourced from Rio Bueno. The specimens were extracted separately with dichloromethane to afford gum-like substances. From the results of the study, the masses of the Columbus Park specimens were higher (average: 97.22 g) than that of the Rio Bueno-sourced organisms (42.57 g) but the quantities of the dichloromethane extracts were lower (2.06% vs. 3.81%), suggesting that the Columbus Park sponges were more focused on survival than metabolite production.

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本文提出了在现有支持的Internet上采用新协议IPv6的几个关键技术。内容包括地址分配、路由选择、地址重定、流标签、传输类、相邻查找和自动配置机制，以及mobileIPv6。也将讨论传输机制比如双协议堆栈和Ipv6协议的应用实验网6bone网。

摘要： 本发明实施例提供一种传输Discovery信号的方法和装置。该方法包括：根据第一用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置，确定第一UE在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置；其中，第一用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置与第一用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置在频率上不相同；如果第一用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置与第二用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置在时间上相同，则第一用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置与第二用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置在时间上不相同；在第一用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置上，传输Discovery信号。本发明实施例减轻UE传输Discovery信号的负担，降低了UE的生产成本。

摘要： 本发明实施例提供一种传输Discovery信号的方法和装置。该方法包括：根据第一用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置，确定第一UE在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置；其中，第一用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置与第一用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置在频率上不相同；如果第一用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置与第二用户设备在上一个Discovery帧中的传输位置在时间上相同，则第一用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置与第二用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置在时间上不相同；在第一用户设备在当前Discovery帧中的传输位置上，传输Discovery信号。本发明实施例减轻UE传输Discovery信号的负担，降低了UE的生产成本。