diarrhea

摘要： Stunting remains a particular challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite encouraging declines in Tanzania over the past 25 years, one-third of Tanzanian children under the age of five years are stunted. Diarrhea remains one of the greatest causes of childhood stunting worldwide. Mass media has been used to improve the uptake of behaviors associated with reductions in diarrhea. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a mass media campaign in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania from 2015-2020 and positive changes in caregiver health-seeking behaviors related to diarrhea in children. Approximately 5000 households participated in a cross-sectional survey after a communications campaign. Exposure variables included hearing and seeing radio and TV spots and participating in a variety of interpersonal communication approaches. Study results indicated primary caregivers (mothers) exposed to media messages only (OR 1.66, CI 1.05 - 2.62), and to media messages and interpersonal communication (OR 2.51, CI 1.48 - 4.26), were more likely to seek advice or treatment for diarrhea from a health facility. Primary caregivers exposed to both media messages and interpersonal communication were more likely to give oral rehydration salts (OR 2.56, CI 1.72 - 3.79), zinc tablets/syrup (OR 1.74, CI 1.18 - 2.57), and homemade fluids (OR 2.02, CI 1.15 - 3.55) when their children had diarrhea. Male heads of household (fathers) exposure to mass media was not associated with care-seeking for diarrhea treatment.

摘要： To the Editor:Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity(TAMA)is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome described in patients with thymoma and characterized by multiorgan failure and graft-versus-host dis-ease(GVHD)like pathology affecting the skin,the gastrointestinal tract,and the liver.To date,only 21 cases are reported in liter-ature[1],with some patients presenting gastrointestinal and hep-atic manifestations,mainly colitis,diarrhea,and abnormal liver en-zymes,but the hepatic involvement has not been histologically characterized yet.

摘要： BACKGROUND Eosinophilia and related organ damage are extensively studied hot topics among rare disorders.Any addition to the cohort of available case reports of the same will be adding knowledge for better management of this less known entity.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we describe a 27-year-old Indo-Aryan man who presented with abdominal pain,abdominal distension,and loose stools for variable days.He had splinter hemorrhages in the majority of fingernails.He was diagnosed with predominant eosinophilic gastrointestinal involvement with bowel obstruction and ascites,and was managed with intravenous immunoglobulin.He was subsequently treated with oral low dose steroid therapy and responded completely.CONCLUSION Our experience is evidence that prompt management of this hypereosinophilic lethal gastrointestinal(all three layers)infiltrative disease provides a cure and avoids complications.Splinter nail hemorrhages may be seen in the same disease.

摘要： 大肠埃希菌作为人和温血动物肠道的共生菌群成员,通常情况下对人不致病,但一些获得特殊毒力因子的大肠埃希菌能引起感染性腹泻和肠外疾病,能够引起肠道感染的大肠埃希菌称为致泻 性 大 肠 埃 希 菌 [diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(E.coli).

摘要： As a common chronic disease of the elderly,diabetes endangers both physical and mental health of the elderly.Diarrhea is a common complication of diabetes and causes great inconvenience to patients'daily life.Professor Zhou Lingyun from Chief Physician,Department of Geriatrics,Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been engaged in clinical practice for many years and is good at treating miscellaneous diseases in geriatric internal medicine.She has unique thinking and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic diarrhea.Professor Zhou Lingyun believed that the pathogenesis of diabetic diarrhea in the elderly is the deficiency of spleen and stomach qi and dampness.She is good at using Modified Sijunzi Decoction to nourish qi,invigorate the spleen and dispel dampness,so as to treat diabetic diarrhea.This paper introduced and analyzed a classic case of Professor Zhou Lingyun's treatment of diabetic diarrhea in the elderly.

摘要： Background: Rotavirus is the most common pathogen of severe acute diarrhea in children under five years of age worldwide. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the morbidity and mortality of rotavirus diarrhea while describing the seasonal kinetics of the infection according to climatic parameters in Bangui. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 in the Central African Republic (CHUPB). The health data were recorded and processed with the Access 2019 software, then analyzed with the STATA version 14 software. The climatic trends in the study area and its seasonal variations were highlighted by the monthly rainfall coefficient of Alfred Angot: Cm = 12 Pm/P. Results: Morbidity was 45.99% of cases. The 1 to 12 months old represented 93.81% of cases. The mean age of the children was 6.8 months, the sex ratio was 1.20. The symptomatic triad was diarrhea (100%), vomiting (90.20%) and fever (87.5%). Moderate dehydration was reported in 81.05% of cases. The main genotype combinations found were P[8]G1 in 34.02% (n = 115/338), P[6]G1 in 21.59% (n = 73/338) and P[6]G2 in 16.86% (n = 57/338). Case fatality was 11.45%. The risk of death was influenced by rural origin, severe dehydration, hypovolemic cloc and duration of hospitalization > 5 days. Low rainfall correlated with the highest rates of rotavirus diarrhea. Likewise, high temperature correlated with the highest number of cases of rotavirus diarrhea. Conclusion: Acute rotavirus diarrhea is an important morbidity and mortality issue in children under 5 years old in Bangui.

摘要： BACKGROUND Cronkhite-Canada syndrome(CCS)is a rare non-hereditary disease with a poor prognosis and a mortality rate of up to 55%.Currently,there is no standard treatment for CCS.The department of gastroenterology of our hospital admitted a patient with CCS whose symptoms improved significantly after treatment with thalidomide combined with endoscopy,and there was no obvious adverse reaction during the 2-year follow-up.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old Chinese man presented with diarrhea for more than 4 mo,accompanied by loss of taste,fatigue,and weight loss.Physical examination demonstrated that the patient’s skin and hands were hyperpigmented,the front edges of the nails of both hands were notably thickened and yellow,and the nails were partially atrophied.Gastrointestinal endoscopy identified a diffuse polypoid bulge,and the patient bore an albumin level of 27.3 g/L.The level of the calcium correction amount was(2.164 m M)which allowed for a comprehensive diagnosis of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome,combined with hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia.Thalidomide of 150 mg per day was administered to regulate immunity,and the symptoms were relieved after 1 wk.During the follow-up period,polyps were still found that had not been resolved by thalidomide treatment,and endoscopic therapy was performed.This resulted in further improvement of his condition and no particular discomfort during the 2 years of follow-up.CONCLUSION The patient’s symptoms were significantly relieved by thalidomide 2 years after treatment,proposing it as a potential treatment for CCS.

摘要： The adjective of this study was to determine the effect of partial replacement of whole milk with second- and third-milking colostrum on the health status and growth performance of preweaned Holstein dairy calves. A minimum of 110 calves of 2 - 3 days old Holstein Friesian calves were enrolled and randomly allocated to two treatment groups 1) CS—colostrum supplement group and 2) UC—unsupplemented control group. The CS group of calves received pooled second and third milking colostrum with Brix reading between 19 and 24% (mean 21.8% ± 1.75%) as colostrum supplement (one liter mixed with 3 L of whole milk), and UC group of calves received 4 L of whole milk in each of the 2 daily meals for 14 days. Serum IgG levels were determined to evaluate passive transfer of immunity. Milk and grain consumption was recorded for 28 days by research personnel. All calves were weighted at entry of the trial, at 28 days and at weaning (65 days). Calves receiving supplemental colostrum had less diarrhea and respiratory disease than control calves. Also, the results indicated that health problems were associated with low serum IgG levels and low-weight calves. Grain consumption and average daily gain (ADG) over 28 days of life were greater in CS group of calves compared with UC group of calves. Colostrum supplementation during the first 14 days of life in calves was effective in reading diarrheal and bovine respiratory diseases and in the use of antimicrobials. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in beneficial effects of colostrum supplementation on calf growth and health.

摘要： 肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种常见的功能性肠病,其特征是慢性、反复性的腹痛和腹部不适,伴有大便性状及排便习惯的改变,并缺乏可解释的器质性病变和理化检查异常[1]。目前国际公认的诊断标准为2016年发布的罗马Ⅳ标准。据此标准,IBS分为腹泻型(irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea,IBS~D)A便秘型、混合型和不确定型4种亚型[2]。

摘要： Dear editor,Premature ejaculation(PE)is a common male sexual dysfunction.It occurs in 4%e39%of men across studies in community samples[1].It is impossible to establish accurately the real prevalence of PE because it lacks a widely accepted definition.Furthermore,PE is frequently a self-reported,self-rated complaint,making it difficult to appreciate its real epidemiology.In addition,the fact that in some couples PE is diagnosed based on distress rather than as an objective symptom complicates the matter even further[2].Oral dapoxetine has been recommended as first-choice therapy for PE.When using this drug,side effects were uncommon,dose-dependent,including nausea,diarrhea,headache,and dizziness[1].Although since the early 1930s,many drugs have been used to treat PE such as topical local anesthetics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.