diagnostic

摘要： Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that starts many years before the onset of cognitive symptoms.Identifying novel biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease has the potential for patient risk stratification,early diagnosis,and disease monitoring in response to therapy.A novel class of biomarkers is extracellular vesicles given their sensitivity and specificity to specific diseases.In addition,extracellular vesicles can be used as novel biological therapeutics given their ability to efficiently and functionally deliver therapeutic cargo.This is critical given the huge unmet need for novel treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.This review summarizes and discusses the most recent findings in this field.

摘要： BACKGROUND Liver cancer ranks the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide.The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The survival time for HCC patients is very limited by years due to the lack of efficient treatment,failure of early diagnosis,and poor prognosis.Ubiquitination plays an essential role in the biochemical processes of a variety of cellular functions.AIM To investigate three ubiquitination-associated genes in HCC.METHODS Herein,the expression levels of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes 2(UBE2)including UBE2C,UBE2T,and UBE2S in tumor samples of HCC patients and nontumor controls at the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,was comprehensively analyzed.The relationship of UBE2 gene expression level with cancer stage,prognostic outcome,and TP53 mutant status was studied.RESULTS Our results showed that UBE2C,UBE2T,and UBE2S genes were overexpressed in HCC samples compared to non-tumor tissues.Dependent on the cancer progression stage,three UBE2 genes showed higher expression in tumor tissues at all four stages compared to non-tumor control samples.Furthermore,a significantly higher expression of these genes was found in stage 2 and stage 3 cancers compared to stage 1 cancer.Additionally,overexpression of those genes was negatively associated with prognostic outcome and overall survival time.Patients with TP53 mutation showed a higher expression level of three UBE2 genes,indicating an association between UBE2 expression with p53 function.CONCLUSION In summary,this study shed light on the potential roles of UBE2C,UBE2T,UBE2S on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC.Moreover,based on our findings,it is appealing to further explore the correlation of those genes with TP53 mutation in HCC and the related mechanisms.

摘要： CAE公司生产的飞行模拟机广泛运用于国内飞行培训中,Diagnostic是一款安装在CAE公司生产的R4模拟机的主计算机“opserver”上的诊断软件,Diagnostic可以实时监控并展现模拟机运行状态,汇报异常。在值班室监控电脑上安装Diagnostic软件,攻克了同时多次开启Diagnostic时发生的监控冲突问题,成功在值班室监控电脑上用Diagnostic来监控训练中心的每一台模拟机,既方便了维护人员监控模拟机,又节约了开发新监控系统的科研成本。

摘要： Introduction: Twisting of the spermatic cord is part of urological emergencies. It can occur at any age with a predilection for children and adolescents. There is no literature on spermatic cord torsion in octogenarians, probably due to its rarity. The majority of recent studies show spermatic cord torsion in patients under 55 years of age. This is why we present a case of spermatic cord torsion in an 80 years old subject. Case Presentation: We present a case of torsion of the spermatic cord in an 80-year-old subject. The diagnosis was made on anamnestic and clinical grounds. The patient presented with scrotal pain, unilateral, of sudden onset, violent intensity without urinary signs with an ascended testicle. The urine dipstick was unremarkable. Management was done surgically and as an emergency. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Conclusion: Spermatic cord torsion in octogenarians is exceptional and should be suspected in the first instance in the presence of any sudden onset, severe testicular pain without urinary signs with an ascended testicle and a negative urine dipstick.

摘要： BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality and is classified as a single entity,although colon cancer and rectal cancer have largely different diagnoses,treatments,surgical methods,and recurrence rates.≥16-slice spiral computed tomography(SCT)is mostly applied to detect the local stage of colon cancer;however,its diagnostic accuracy and whether it is conducive to distinguishing between high-risk and low-risk colon cancer are unclear.AIM To systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of≥16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer.METHODS Based on the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,computers were used to search the literature from the establishment of the database to April 2021,and the results of the diagnostic tests on≥16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer were collected according to the inclusion criteria.The data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Quality Assessment Checklist of the Institute of Economics of Canada,Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/).Afterward,a meta-analysis was performed using the statistical software Meta-disc 14.0 and Stata 15.0.RESULTS Eleven studies that provided data on 1613 subjects with computed tomography diagnostic tests were included in this study.Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity,pooled specificity,pooled negative likelihood ratio(LR),pooled diagnostic odds ratio,and area under the fitted receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of≥16-slice SCT for colon cancer T staging were 0.67(95%CI:0.65-0.70),0.81(95%CI:0.80-0.83),4.13(95%CI:2.66-6.41),0.39(95%CI:0.31-0.49),10.81(95%CI:7.33-15.94),and 0.829,respectively,while the specificity,negative LR,diagnostic odds ratio,and area under the fitted ROC curve of≥16-slice SCT for N staging of colon cancer were 0.54(95%CI:0.49-0.59),0.74(95%CI:0.70-0.77),1.92(95%CI:1.36-2.70),0.67(95%CI:0.51-0.87),3.74(95%CI:1.76-7.94),and 0.829 respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of≥16-slice SCT for colon cancer T staging were acceptable,while the sensitivity for colon cancer N staging was relatively low,though its specificity was acceptable.CONCLUSION≥16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer has good diagnostic value;however,the accuracy needs to be confirmed by further clinical practice.

摘要： At present,hypertension has the phenomenon of increasing incidence and advancing age of onset.It can be complicated by various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has a poor prognosis.Its pathogenesis is related to vascular endothelial injury and its mediated inflammation,blood flow,changes in mechanical force,and vascular remodeling.Vascular biomechanical changes are the early and critical pathogenic factors of this disease.Mechanosensitive ion channels and their proteins affect the pathological process of hypertension by improving cell membrane tension,regulating vascular tension and contractility,and participating in vascular biomechanical changes such as vascular remodeling.However,the drugs currently used to treat high blood pressure only slow the progression of the disease.Therefore,it is necessary to find and study effective medicines to treat hypertension.At present,modern medical methods do not have targeted treatment measures.Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in treating this disease based on the principle of“treatment according to the syndrome”.Traditional Chinese medicine regulates the mechanical force of blood flow and maintains blood pressure balance in patients with hypertension.There are many kinds of Chinese patent medicines used to treat hypertension with good curative effects.

摘要： We recently read with interest the article"Diagnostic approach to faecal incontinence:What test and when to perform?".This is a comprehensive and practical review,which has particular significance for guiding clinicians to improve the examination strategy.Although we appreciate their work very much,based on the in-depth analysis of this research,we found some detailed problems in the article and will give our comments in this letter.If the author can further improve the relevant research,it will be valuable.

摘要： The protein ERp57 is a stress-responsive protein,mainly exists in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),and a small amount in the cell membrane,cytoplasm,nucleus and mitochondria,which is involved in the signal transduction from the cell surface,the regulation process that occurs in the nucleus,and the formation of polymer protein complexes involved in DNA repair.Various degrees of ERp57 dysregulation has been observed in many types of non-communicable diseases especially in cancers.Previous studies showed that the expression of ERp57 could play a key role in occurrence and development of cancers such as breast cancer,gastric cancer,ovarian cancer,etc.;in addition,it has been suggested to play a pivotal role in disease progression of non-cancerous diseases such as neurodegeneration,liver disease,kidney disease,intestinal irritability syndrome and airway hypersensitivity.Thus,abnormal expression of ERp57 could be used as promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis based on the previous studies.In this regard,current study was aimed to review the literature,which have been elucidate the role of ERp57 protein expression in both non-cancer and cancer disease.Overall,most studies have shown that inhibiting/knocking out of ERp57 could inhibit the cell proliferation and also induce apoptosis in both human cancerous and non-cancerous cells.Also,it has been suggested that the overexpression of ERp57 could intensify the cancer development.Therefore,it could be hypothesized that targeting of ERp57 might be a potential treatment in cancerous and non-cancerous diseases.

摘要： Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale.The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis,partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.To combat this,there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma.Currently,serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker.In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC,there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC.Currently,promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA(miRNA)in serum and circulating tumour cells.Both these modalities,although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice,possess merit in the early detection of PC.We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC(serum,urinary,salivary,faecal,pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).

摘要： BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in Egypt is due mainly to the increasing prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection(HCV)and late diagnosis of the carcinoma.MicroRNAs(miRNA),which regulate tumor proliferation and metastasis in HCC,may serve as a useful diagnostic approach for the early detection of HCC,thus decreasing its mortality.Meanwhile,endocan is a protein with angiogenic and inflammatory properties that are associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes.AIM To analyze the levels of miRNA 9-3p and endocan in HCV-infected HCC patients and correlate them with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS We compared levels of endocan and circulating miRNA 9-3p from 35 HCVrelated HCC patients to 33 patients with HCV-induced chronic liver disease and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinics of the National Liver Institute,Menoufia University,Egypt in the period from January to March 2021 in a case-control study.Serum samples from all groups were analyzed for HCV.Endocan was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays,and the expression levels of circulating miRNA 9-3p were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.RESULTS The levels of circulating miRNA 9-3p were significantly lower in the HCC group compared to the chronic liver disease(P<0.001)and control(P<0.001)groups,while levels in the chronic liver disease were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).The levels of serum endocan were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to the chronic liver disease(P<0.001)and control(P<0.001)groups.Moreover miRNA 9-3p and endocan performed better thanα-fetoproteinin discriminating HCC patients from cirrhosis and healthy patients.The levels of miRNA 9-3p were significantly inversely correlated to vascular invasion(P=0.002),stage of advancement of Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer(P<0.001)and the metastatic site(P<0.001)of the HCC group.CONCLUSION Circulating miRNA 9-3p and endocan can be used as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCV-related HCC.

摘要： Exercise-induced fatigue is attached importance to by the couches and athletes in training, becauseit can affect the competitive readiness and physical health of the athletes directly. Since the last century, greatdeals of researches have been done from the different perspectives. This thesis enumerates some diagnosticmethods and cases, providing references for persons who participate in sports.