摘要:
In order to quantitatively analyze the effects of heavy rainfall on soil cations in different stands, relevant data were collected through sampling in the field and indoor measurement, and formulas for calculating the cations transfer in rainfall and redistribution processes were developed.The 7 cations of K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+and Fe2+ in rainfall and redistribution processes were measured and analyzed by taking 3 plantations of Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii and Pinus tabuliformis ascases.The results showed that: (1) The cationsorder by rainfall input was K+> Mg2+> Na+> Fe2+> Ca2+> Zn2+> Mn2+; (2) Mg2+, Fe2+and Na+ were in a state of loss, while K+, Ca2 +, Mn2+and Zn2+were in accumulation statein Betula platyphylla plantation.Mg2+, K+and Na+were in a state of loss, while Fe2+, Ca2 +, Mn2+and Zn2+were in accumulation state in Pinus tabuliformis plantation.Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, K+and Na+were in a state of loss, while Ca2 +and Mn2+were in accumulation state in larch plantation; (3) Formulas of the cations transfer and net surplus were ρ穿=m穿×v穿, ρ净=cρ穿+ (1-c) ρ降+ρ树+ (ρ枯-ρ降) -ρ坡, and they could quantitatively analyze the cations transfer under heavy rainfall and redistribution processes.%为了定量分析强降雨对不同林分阳离子的影响,通过野外取样和室内测定收集数据,编制公式计算降雨再分配过程中的林分阳离子流转量,并以山涧口流域白桦林、落叶松林和油松林为例,对降雨及再分配过程中的K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+7种阳离子进行测定与分析.结果表明:(1)降雨输入阳离子排序为,K+>Mg2+>Na+>Fe2+>Ca2+>Zn2+>Mn2+;(2)白桦林中Mg2+、Fe2+、Na+处于流失状态;K+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Zn2+处于保留积累状态.油松林中Mg2+、K+、Na+处于流失状态;Fe2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Zn2+处于保留积累状态.落叶松林中Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、K+、Na+处于流失状态;Ca2+、Mn2+处于保留积累状态;(3)流转量公式ρ穿=m穿×v穿和净余量公式ρ净=cρ穿+(1-c)ρ降+ρ树+(ρ枯-ρ降)-ρ坡可以正确分析强降雨及再分配过程中阳离子的流转.