摘要：
Objective To provide some references for formulating effective prevention and control strategies in the future analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Zhaoqing from 2013 to 2017.Methods The descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyzed the HIV/AIDS historical data in Zhaoqing from 2013 to 2017,which were collected from the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Information System in the National Disease Prevention and Treatment Information System.Results From 2013 to 2017,the overall epidemic situation of HIV/AIDS in Zhaoqing showed a trend to grow at first and then decline,and the death cases showed a trend of decline,but the AIDS cases and their death cases had a trend of rise.Up to 2017,Fengkai County had the most cases (415 cases),accounting for 19.10％ of the total number of cases.Except the Dinghu district and high-tech zone,the numbers of living cases in other counties were above 100,on a moderate epidemic level.The highest death rate was in Deqing county,with 201 cases,accounting for 59.47％ of the total cases in the jurisdiction.Among the new cases from 2013 to 2017,the gender ratio of male to female was 3.16:1.The number of male HIV cases was relatively high,495 cases,accounting for 45.21％ of the total number of new cases.In addition,the number of male HIV cases increased first and then decreased,and the number of male AIDS cases increased as a whole.Most of the cases were 40 or over 40 years old,accounting for 68.04％ (745/1 095) of the total number of cases.Cases in the high age group above 50 accounted for a large proportion,fluctuating around 47.13％.Deqing had the largest proportion of cases over 50 years old,with 101 cases,accounting for 64.33％ (101/157) of the new cases in the jurisdiction.The cases were mainly from junior middle schools,accounting for 45.48％ (498/1 095) of the total number of cases.The samples were mainly from the "tests of patients in medical institutions",acconnting for 62.65％(686/1 095) of the total cases.The main route of transmission was heterosexual transmission,accounting for 83.84％(918/1 095).Heterosexual transmission first rose and then fell down,while homosexual transmission showed an increasing trend year by year.The county with the largest proportion of heterosexual transmission was Dinghu district,about 90.70％ (39/43).And the county with the largest proportion of homosexual transmission was high-tech zone,about 38.46％(5/13).Conclusion The overall epidemic trend of HIV/AIDS in Zhaoqing is rising.The male cases are particularly prevalent.AIDS cases and deaths are still on the rise.The cases are mainly middle-aged and elderly,and the proportion of high age group over 50 years old increases year by year.The cases have a low level of education.The case samples come from a single source.Heterosexual transmission dominates,while homosexual transmission continues to rise.The epidemic situation in each county shows a moderate epidemic level.Fengkai county has more cases and grows fast.Deqing county has a higher proportion of deaths.Therefore,we should continue to expand the detection efforts,increase the publicity of key groups,and carry out targeted intervention measures.%目的 分析肇庆市2013-2017年5年艾滋病疫情特点,为日后制定有效的防控策略提供依据.方法 通过在全国艾滋病综合防治信息系统中下载历史数据库,对2013-2017年肇庆市艾滋病病毒感染者(HIV)/艾滋病患者(AIDS)(简称HIV/AIDS)的病例数据进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 2013-2017年肇庆市HIV/AIDS整体疫情呈现先增长后回落趋势,死亡病例呈现回落趋势,但AIDS病例及其死亡病例均呈现上升趋势.截至2017年的累计病例中,封开县最多,共415例,占累计病例数的19.10％;除鼎湖、高新外,其余各县(市、县)现存活病例数均在100例以上,处于中度流行水平;死亡比例最高为德庆县,201例,占辖区累计病例的59.47％.2013-2017年新发病例中,男女性别比为3.16∶1,男性HIV病例数较多,共495例,占新发病例总数的45.21％,且男性HIV病例呈先升后回落的趋势,男性AIDS病例整体呈增长趋势;病例主要集中在40以上岁中老年人,占总病例数的68.04％(745/1 095),50以上高年龄组病例所占比例较大,均在47.13％上下波动;德庆50岁以上病例所占比例最大,共101例,占辖区新发病例的64.33％(101/157);病例主要以初中为主,占总病例数的45.48％(498/1 095);样本来源主要以“医疗机构就诊者检测”为主,占总病例的62.65％(686/1 095);传播途径以异性传播为主,占83.84％(918/1 095),异性传播呈现先升后回落态势,同性传播呈逐年递增的趋势;异性传播所占比较大的县区为鼎湖区90.70％(39/43),同性传播占比较大的县区为高新区38.46％(5/13).结论 肇庆市整体疫情呈上升趋势,男性病例疫情突出,AIDS病例及其死亡病例仍有上升趋势,以中老年病例为主,50岁以上高年龄组比例逐年增大,文化水平低,样本来源单一,异性传播为主,同性传播持续上升,各县(市、区)疫情呈中度流行水平,封开县病例多、增长速度快,德庆县死亡比例较大,应继续扩大检测力度,加大重点人群宣传工作,开展有针对性干预措施.
