摘要：
Study and development of anti-fouling materials,which can reduce nonspecific adsorption of proteins and attachment and growth of microorganisms,not only largely improve sensitivity of some medical diagnostic equipment,reduce side effects of medical implants,such as inflammation and thrombus,but also can save energy and power that navigation needs.Traditional anti-fouling materials are hydrophilic polymers such as poly (vinyl alcohol),poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone),poly (2-oxazoline),poly (ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic polymers.Although these materials have good anti-fouling properties,they lack desirable biodegradability as they are based on non-degradable polymer backbones such as poly (acrylic ester) and poly (acrylic amide).Therefore,it is highly desirable to study and develop biodegradable anti-fouling materials.Biodegradable anti fouling materials can be achieved by introducing anti-fouling functional moieties (hydrophilic polymers or antifoulants) into biodegradable matfixes,such as aliphatic polyesters,aliphatic polycarbonates,polypeptides and polysaccharides.In this review,the progress of biodegradable anti-fouling materials is summarized.Firstly,the harm of biological fouling,the classification,characteristic and existing problem of antifouling materials are introduced.Recent advancement of biodegradable anti-fouling materials is highlighted.The three main mechanism,i.e.,spatial exclusion theory,structural similarity theory,and hydration theory,to resist nonspecific adsorption of proteins hydrophilic polymers with different structures (poly (ethylene glycol),zwitterionic polymers,and other hydrophilic polymers) are discussed and compared.The mechanism to resist adsorption of microorganism of anti-foulant is also summed up.Synthesis,structures,properties and their corresponding application fields of of biodegradable anti-fouling materials are critically summarized and commented in detail from hydrophilic polymers with various structures and anti-foulants.Perspective on future research directions of biodegradable anti-fouling materials is also discussed.%研究和开发抗生物污染材料,降低蛋白质的非特异性吸附和微生物的附着生长,不仅可以大大提高仪器的灵敏度,降低植入材料在愈合过程中的副作用,如炎症和血栓等,还可以节省很多航海时所需的能源和动力.目前抗污染材料多为亲水性的聚乙烯醇、聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(2-恶唑啉)、聚乙二醇和两性离子聚合物.虽然这些材料抗污染能力强,但是分子链大多为聚丙烯酸酯或聚丙烯酰胺,不具有可生物降解性.可生物降解抗污材料可通过将抗污功能分子引入到可生物降解的基质分子(如脂肪族聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚多肽和多糖等)中得到.本文综述了可生物降解抗污材料的研究进展,首先介绍了生物污染的危害,抗生物污染材料的分类、特征和存在的问题.重点综述了可生物降解抗污材料的研究现状,从亲水性聚合物(如聚乙二醇、两性离子聚合物)和抗污剂具体阐述了可降解抗污材料的抗污机理、合成、结构和性能,并对可生物降解抗污材料的未来发展进行了展望.
