摘要：
Objective To explore the treatment experience and efficacy of precise surgery for hepatic caudate lobe involved lesions.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 127 patients with hepatic caudate lobe involved lesions who were admitted to Hunan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016 were collected,including 71 of malignant tumors,52 of benign lesions and 4 of other diseases.Anatomical hepatectomy was performed in patients via left approach,right approach,anterior approach,left combined with right approach,left and right combined with anterior approach,left and right combined with para-liver hanging tape approach,anterior combined with left approach,retrograde approach according to their conditions.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative and postoperative recovery situations;(2) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was done to detect postoperative survival of patients up to February 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Kaplain-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate.Results (1) Intraoperative and postoperative recovery situations:all the 127 patients underwent successful operation without perioperative death,including 111 of open surgery and 16 of laparoscopic surgery.Of 127 patients,single total caudate lobectomy and partial caudate lobectomy were performed in 2 and 13 patients,single hepatic segmentectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy,double hepatic segmentectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy,hepatic trisegmentectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy,left hemitectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy,left hepatic trilobectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy,right hemitectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy,right hepatic trilobectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy were performed in 6,4,5,1,1,30,3 patients respectively,single hepatic segmentectomy combined with partial caudate lobectomy,double hepatic segmentectomy combined with partial caudate lobectomy,left hemitectomy combined with partial caudate lobectomy,left hepatic trilobectomy combined with partial caudate lobectomy,right hemitectomy combined with partial caudate lobectomy,right hepatic trilobectomy combined with partial caudate lobectomy were performed in 3,3,41,2,5,8 patients respectively,including 78 via left approach,29 via right approach,2 via anterior approach,7 via left combined with right approach,2 via left and right combined with anterior approach,6 via left and right combined with para-liver hanging tape approach,1 via anterior combined with left approach,2 via retrograde approach.The operation time,time of first hepatic hilum occlusion,volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 285 minutes (range,188-670 minutes),47 minutes(range,30-150 minutes),294 mL(range,20-2 500 mL) and 10 days (range,6-27 days) respectively.Thirty-four patients had postoperative complications,including 21 with abdominal ascites,20 with pleural effusion,6 with incisional infection,5 with hemorrhage,4 with bile leakage,2 with pulmonary infection (1 patient combined with multiple complications).One patient underwent reoperation after ineffective conservative treatment for hemorrhage within postoperative 24 hours and other 33 were cured by conservative treatment.(2) Follow-up and survival situations:of 127 patients,124 including 68 of malignant tumors and 56 of non-malignant tumors were followed up for 2-71 months with a median time of 33 months.During the follow-up,1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 83.1％,63.4％,22.5％ in 68 patients with malignant tumors,89.3％,71.4％,57.1％ in 28 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and 76.9％,46.2％,23.1％ in 26 with hepatocellular carcinoma.All the 56 patients with non-malignant tumors survived well.Conclusions Anatomical hepatectomy using precise surgery is safe and feasible.Preoperative precise evaluation and surgical procedure design,intraoperative vascular control and surgical plane mastering are keys to success.%目的 探讨累及肝尾状叶病变精准外科治疗的经验及疗效.方法 采用回顾性横断面研究方法.收集2012年1月至2016年12月湖南省人民医院收治的127例累及肝尾状叶病变患者的临床病理资料,其中恶性肿瘤71例,良性病变52例,其他4例.根据患者具体情况,选择左侧入路、右侧入路、前入路、左右侧联合入路、左右侧入路联合前入路、左右侧入路联合绕肝带旁侧入路、前入路联合左侧入路、逆行入路行解剖性肝切除术.观察指标:(1)术中和术后恢复情况.(2)随访和生存情况.采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,了解患者术后生存情况.随访时间截至2018年2月.正态分布的计量资料以(x)±s表示.偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示.采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率.结果 (1)术中和术后恢复情况:127例患者均成功完成手术,无围术期死亡患者;其中开腹手术111例,腹腔镜手术16例;单纯肝尾状叶全切除术和部分切除术分别为2例和13例,单肝段、双肝段、三肝段、左半肝、左肝三叶、右半肝、右肝三叶联合全尾状叶切除术分别为6、4、5、1、1、30、3例,单肝段、双肝段、左半肝、左肝三叶、右半肝、右肝三叶联合部分尾状叶切除术分别为3、3、41、2、5、8例;左侧入路78例、右侧入路29例、前入路2例、左右侧联合入路7例、左右侧入路联合前入路2例、左右侧入路联合绕肝带旁侧入路6例、前入路联合左侧入路1例、逆行入路2例.127例患者手术时间、第一肝门阻断时间、术中出血量分别为285 min(188～670 min)、47 min(30～ 150 min)、294 mL(20～2 500 mL).34例患者发生术后并发症(Clavien-Dindo Ⅲa级以上患者9例),包括少量腹腔积液21例、胸腔积液20例、切口感染6例、出血5例、胆汁漏4例、肺部感染2例(同一患者可合并多种并发症);1例术后24 h内出血患者经积极保守治疗无效行再次手术止血,其余33例患者均经保守治疗治愈.127例患者术后住院时间为10 d(6～27 d).(2)随访和生存情况:127例患者中,124例获得术后随访,其中恶性肿瘤患者68例,非恶性肿瘤患者56例;随访时间为2～71个月,中位随访时间为33个月.随访期间,68例恶性肿瘤患者术后1、3、5年总体生存率分别为83.1％、63.4％、22.5％,其中28例肝门部胆管癌患者术后1、3、5年总体生存率分别为89.3％、71.4％、57.1％,26例肝细胞癌患者术后1、3、5年总体生存率分别为76.9％、46.2％、23.1％;56例非恶性肿瘤患者均健康生存.结论 采用精准外科理念行解剖性肝尾状叶切除术安全可行.术前精确评估和设计手术方案,术中良好血流控制和手术平面把握是成功关键.
