摘要：
目的 制定工作场所空气中磷酸三丁酯的职业接触限值.方法 对磷酸三丁酯生产和使用企业进行职业卫生学调查,收集磷酸三丁酯的生产使用信息、工人基本情况、职业史和健康体检情况,采用定点采样和个体采样方法监测环境和个体暴露情况,采用Fisher确切概率法对磷酸三丁酯暴露组和对照组作业工人的问卷调查结果和健康体检结果进行统计学分析.结果 生产和使用企业工作场所空气中广泛存在磷酸三丁酯,其中生产企业包装区浓度较高为2.47 mg/m3,使用企业投料区浓度较高为2.13 mg/m3.对自觉不适症状进行分类汇总结果显示,磷酸三丁酯暴露组136人中,无不适症状者128人,占总数的94.44％,其余5.56％的职工报告有烦躁或精神不振嗜睡等精神症状以及皮肤瘙痒症状,对照组均无不适症状.用Fisher确切概率法比较磷酸三丁酯暴露组和对照组间的有无不适症状发生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).采用Fisher确切概率法对磷酸三丁酯暴露组和对照组作业工人的健康体检结果进行统计学分析,结果显示磷酸三丁酯暴露组和对照组间的内科常规检查、神经系统常规检查、皮肤常规检查、五官常规检查、血常规、尿常规、肺通气和X射线胸部透视等结果差异均无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 建议我国工作场所空气中磷酸三丁酯时间加权容许浓度(8 h)和短时间接触容许浓度(15min)分别定为2.5 mg/m3和5 mg/m3.%Objective To put forward the suggestion of the occupational contact limit of tributyl phosphate in the air of the workplace.Methods Data of production and usage,workers' basic information,occupational history,and physical examinations were collected,and the environmental and individual levels of exposure were monitored using fixed-point and individual sampling.The results of the questionnaire and health examination were statistically analyzed using exact probability method of Fisher in the workers exposed to tributyl phosphate and the control group.Results The results showed that tributyl phosphate was widely distributed in the workplace of production and using enterprises,and the concentration of tributyl phosphate in packaging area was highest at 2.47 mg/m3,and in feeder nose was highest at 2.13 mg/m3.The discomfort symptoms were classified and results showed that tributyl phosphate exposure group of 136 people,all symptoms of 128 people,accounting for 94.44％ of the total,the remaining 5.56％ of the staff report had psychiatric symptoms or lethargy and irritability skin itching,the control group had no symptoms.There is or not discomfort symptoms in the tributyl phosphate exposure group and the control group was compared with the exact probability of Fisher,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The results of healthy physical examination of workers exposed to tributyl phosphate and control group were statistically analyzed by the exact probability method of Fisher.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the results of routine internal medical examination,nervous system examination,skin examination,five senses examination,blood routine,urine routine,lung ventilation,and X ray chest fluoroscopy between the tributyl phosphate exposure group and the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The workplace permissible time-weighted tributyl phosphate and short-term exposure limit concentrations in China were set at 2.5 mg/m3 and 5 mg/m3,respectively.
