摘要：
为探索玉米人工套袋授粉的替代方法,采用200、240和300目(分别相当于75、61、48 μm)的聚乙烯网罩,分别用于隔离云玉黑甜二号、养派四行玉米、小白糯、爆裂玉米、白糯玉米等试验材料的异源花粉,通过比较去雄植株所结果穗的籽粒数、留雄植株花粉散落的距离、植株叶片和收获籽粒间的SSR带型差异,研究了不同网罩隔离玉米花粉的效果及其对花粉散落和群体遗传结构的影响,结果表明:300目的网罩能阻挡85%以上的玉米花粉,隔离效果较好;但即使在不完全固定方式下,网罩依然对玉米花粉散落的空间产生了一定的限制和束缚作用;而在完全固定方式下,网罩使玉米群体的遗传结构发生了明显的改变.因此,网罩虽然能隔离玉米花粉,但还应研究固定它的合适方式和避免群体内个体发生自交的管理方式.%In order to explore the alternative methods of artificial bagging and pollination for maize,this study used polyethylene mesh enclosure with 200,240 or 300 meshes (equivalently 75,61 or 48 μm of aperture,respectively) to isolate the heterogenous maize pollens for maize varieties Yunyuheitian No.2,Yangpaisihang,Xiaobainuo,Baolie and Bainuo.By comparing the grain number of fruit spikes on emasculated plants,the pollen scattering distance of maize plants whose staminate flowers were remained,and the difference in SSR banding pattern between the collected leaf and harvested grain from the same plants,the author studied the impacts of different mesh enclosures on the pollen isolation,pollen scattering space,and population genetic structure of maize plants.The results showed that 300 meshes of mesh enclosure could isolate above 85% of maize pollens,and its isolated effect was better;but the mesh enclosure still had a certain limiting and constraint action to the scattering space of maize pollens even if it was incompletely fixed;the genetic structure of maize population was altered obviously by the use of mesh enclosure which was completely fixed.Therefore,mesh enclosure can isolate maize pollens,but the proper fixed mode of mesh enclosure and the management method for avoiding individual selfing within population need to be further studied.
