摘要：
纤维织物的编织方法对纤维增强的树脂基复合材料的力学性能有很大的影响.制备了平纹和斜纹的玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料, 通过三点弯曲和拉伸试验机检测了弯曲性能和拉伸性能, 并结合断面形貌观察, 研究了其断裂机制.两种编织方式 (平纹和斜纹) 的玄武岩纤维对环氧树脂基复合材料影响的研究结果表明, 斜纹纤维复合材料具有更优异的力学性能, 其弯曲强度是平纹纤维复合材料的2倍以上, 抗拉强度也优于平纹织物.在弯曲过程中, 平纹纤维复合材料承受最大载荷后缓慢断裂, 而斜纹纤维复合材料则很快发生断裂.断口形貌显示, 平纹纤维复合材料断口区域的纤维拉出较长, 且纤维之间的树脂已经剥离且消失, 而斜纹纤维复合材料断口区域的纤维拉出较短, 且纤维之间仍有部分树脂存在, 这说明斜纹纤维复合材料具有更强的纤维—基体结合力.%The weaving method of fabric has the great effect on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced resin matrix composites. In this paper, we mainly studied the effect of two weaving methods (plain and twill) on the epoxy resin composites. The composites were prepared through hot press molding and the bending strength and tensile strength of the composites were studied, and the fracture morphology was analyzed, based on which fracture mechanism was explored. The results indicate that compared to the plain composite, the twill composite exhibits better mechanical performance. The bending strength of the composite with twill basalt fiber is more than twice that of the composite with plain basalt fiber, and the tensile strength of the composite with twill basalt fiber is better than that of the composite with plain basalt fiber. In bending, the plain composite fractures slowly while the twill composite fractures quickly after appearing the maximum load. Through fracture morphology observation, it can be seen that in the fracture zone of plain fiber composite, the basalt fiber was pulled out much longer, and resin matrix was stripped and disappeared. However, in the fracture zone of twill composite, the basalt fiber was pulled out much shorter, and there were still some resin adhesives to the fibers. Continuing to observe the fracture of the internal area, it can be seen that there is some resin among fibers while the fiber and resin of the twill composite are combined very well. This indicates that the twill basalt fiber reinforced resin composites have stronger fiber-matrix adhesion.
