摘要：
本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素K3 添加水平对五龙鹅胫骨发育、免疫器官指数及抗氧化性能的影响.试验分为2个阶段,1～4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3 含量为1.23 mg/kg) ,Ⅱ～Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8和16 mg/kg的维生素K3. 5～16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅288只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鹅.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3 含量为1.18 mg/kg) ,Ⅱ～Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16和32 mg/kg的维生素K3.试验期16周.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,1～4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K3 显著提高了胫骨粗灰分含量、骨密度、骨强度和骨重( P＜0.05) ,极显著提高了胫骨钙、磷含量( P＜0.01) ;5～16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3 极显著提高了胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量及骨密度、骨强度( P＜0.01) ,骨小梁和成骨细胞发育更好. 2)饲粮中添加维生素K3 对胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数无显著影响( P＞0.05). 3)与对照组相比,1～4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加 4 mg/kg 维生素 K3 显著提高了血清总超氧化物歧化酶( T?SOD)活性( P＜0.05) ,显著降低了血清丙二醛( MDA )含量( P＜0.05 ) ,极显著提高了血清总抗氧化能力( T?AOC) ( P＜0.01) ;5～16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3 显著提高了血清T?SOD和过氧化氢酶( CAT)活性( P＜0.05) ,显著降低了血清MDA含量( P＜0.05) ,极显著提高了血清T?AOC( P＜0.01) .由此可见,1～4周龄和5～16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K3 添加水平分别为4和8 mg/kg时,提高了胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量及骨密度、骨强度,改善胫骨发育状况;提高了血清T?SOD活性和T?AOC,降低了血清MDA含量,进而提高了五龙鹅抗氧化性能.%This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin K3 supplemental level on tibia development, immune organ index and antioxidant capacity of Wulong geese. This experiment was divided into two stages, in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage, a total of 360 one?day?old Wulong geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate. Geese in groupⅠ( control group) were fed a basal diet ( vitamin K3 content was 1.23 mg/kg) ; and the others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/kg vitamin K3, respectively. In 5 to 16 weeks of age stage, a total of 288 twenty?eight?day?old Wulong geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 geese in each replicate. Geese in group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet ( vitamin K3 content was 1.18 mg/kg) ; and the others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg vitamin K3, respectively. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage, dietary sup?plemented with 4 mg/kg vitamin K3 significantly increased the crude ash content, bone mineral density, bone strength and bone weight in tibia ( P＜0.05 ) , and significantly increased the contents of calcium and phosphorus in tibia ( P＜0.01) ; in 5 to 16 weeks of age stage, dietary supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin K3 significantly increased the crude ash, calcium and phosphorus contents and bone mineral density, bone strength in tibia ( P＜0.01) , and the bone trabecula and osteoblast developed better. 2) Dietary supplemented with vita?min K3 had no significant effects on the thymus index, spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index ( P＞0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage, dietary supplemented with 4 mg/kg vitamin K3 significantly increased the serum total superoxide dismutase ( T?SOD) activity, significantly decreased the serum malondialdehyde ( MDA) content ( P＜0.05) , and significantly increased the serum total antioxidant ca?pacity ( T?AOC) ( P＜0.01) ; in 5 to 16 weeks of age stage, dietary supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin K3 significantly increased the serum T?SOD and catalase ( CAT ) activities, significantly decreased the serum MDA content ( P＜0.05) , and significantly increased the serum T?AOC ( P＜0.01). In conclusion, the supple?mentation of 4 and 8 mg/kg vitamin K3 in the diet of Wulong geese during 1 to 4 weeks of age and 5 to 16 weeks of age can increase the crude ash, calcium and phosphorus contents and bone mineral density, bone strength of tibia, and improve the development of tibia. It also can increase the T?SOD activity and T?AOC in serum, reduce the serum MDA content, and improve the antioxidant capacity of Wulong geese.[ Chinese Jour?nal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(6) :2642?2650]
