摘要：
Taking 63 individuals of four morphological types (including types of purple petal-hairy fruit, purple petal-glabrous fruit, white petal-glabrous fruit and white petal-hairy fruit) of Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) 0. E. Schulz collected from four sample plots in Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province as the research objects, zymograms of peroxidase isozyme ( POD) , alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and polyphenol oxidase ( PPO) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE technology. And the genetic diversity of four morphological types of 0. violaceus was studied on the basis of zymogram analysis results of five allozymes. The results show that five allozyme systems contain 12 loci and 32 alleles, in which, POD-1, POD-1, POD-5, POD-6, ADH-1, PPO-1, SOD-1 and SOD-2 are polymorphic loci. Besides common bands, every type of 0. violaceus possesses self-specific zymogram feature, in which, b-band and c-band of GDH-2 are unique allozyme band of purple and white petal type, respectively. Percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) of types of purple petal-hairy fruit, purple petal-glabrous fruit and white petal-hairy fruit all are 58. 33% , while that of white petal-glabrous fruit type is 66. 67%. And their average number of alleles per locus of types of purple petal-hairy fruit,purple petal-glabrous fruit, white petal-glabrous fruit and white petal-hairy fruit is 2. 42, 2. 25 , 2. 42 and 1. 83, their average expected heterozygosity is 0. 35, 0. 30, 0. 38 and 0. 29, respectively. Average of total genetic diversity of four moprphological types of 0. violaceus is 0. 61, average of genetic diversity within types is 0. 49, which is obviously higher than that among types (0. 12). Average of genetic differentiation among types is 0. 195 , showing 80. 5% of total genetic diversity of 0. violaceus originates from within types. The genetic identity between purple petal-glabrous fruit type and white petal-hairy fruit type is the lowest (0.724 4) with the largest genetic distance (0.322 5) , while that between two white petal types is the highest (0. 954 1) with the smallest genetic distance (0. 047 1 ). It is suggested that both intraspecific variation degree and genetic differentiation degree of O. violaceus are higher, but genetic similarity within each type is high.%以采自江苏省南京市4个样点的4种不同形态类型(紫花毛果、紫花光果、白花光果和白花毛果)诸葛菜[ Orychophragmus violaceus (L.)0.E.Schulz] 63个单株为研究对象,采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(SDS-PAGE)对过氧化物酶同工酶(POD)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶谱进行了分析,并基于5个等位酶的酶谱分析结果对4种形态类型诸葛菜的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明:5个等位酶系统共包含12个位点32个等位基因,其中POD-1、POD-4、POD-5、POD-6、ADH-1、PPO-1、SOD-1和SOD-2为多态性位点；除具有共有谱带外,不同类型诸葛菜还具有各自特有的酶谱特征,其中,GDH-2的b带和c带分别是紫花类型和白花类型的特有谱带.紫花毛果、紫花光果和白花毛果类型的多态位点百分率( PPL)均为58.33％,而白花光果的PPL为66.67％；紫花毛果、紫花光果、白花光果和白花毛果每个位点的平均等位基因数分别为2.42、2.25、2.42和1.83,平均期望杂合度分别为0.35、0.30、0.38和0.29.4种形态类型诸葛菜的总基因多样度平均值为0.61,类型内基因多样度平均值为0.49,明显大于类型间基因多样度平均值(0.12)；类型间的基因分化系数平均值为0.195,表明总基因多样性的80.5％来源于类型内.紫花光果和白花毛果类型间的遗传一致度最低(0.724 4)且遗传距离最大(0.322 5),而2个白花类型间的遗传一致度最高(0.954 1)且遗传距离最小(0.047 1).研究结果显示:诸葛菜的种内变异程度很大、遗传分化程度较高,但在各类型内具有较高的遗传相似性.
