摘要：
With the systematic investigation and interpretation of modern carbonate depositional environment and the deepening understanding of carbonate sedimentary principle,a series of carbonate depositional models have been established since 1960s,especially the models built by Wilson and Tucker are widely recognized and used.However,the epeiric and drowned platform failed to give sufficient attention compared with rimmed shelf and ramp.Unlike the past,the current sea level is relatively too low to develop the widespread epeiric sea.However,in geological history,the epeiric seas once covered a wide range of cratonic areas and became one of the most important sites for carbonate deposits in geological history.Based on the previous results,the five types of carbonate platforms,i.e.rimmed shelf,ramp,epeiric,isolated and drowned platform,have been described and discussed in great detail,with emphasis on the depositional model of the epeiric and drowned platform.The tidal fiat deposits in a large scale,the wide ranging oolitic shoal,the fiat-pebble conglomerates and frequent drowning event of Cambrian in North China provide an excellent example for sedimentary patterns of epeiric-drowned carbonate platform.These examples and research not only show the complexity of carbonate sedimentary environment and sedimentary process,but also provide important clues in understanding of sedimentary principle and interpretation of sedimentary environment.%随着对现代碳酸盐沉积环境的系统调查和解释、以及对碳酸盐沉积原理认识的深化,自20世纪60年代,一系列碳酸盐沉积相模式得以建立,其中最引人注目的是Wilson和Tucker的工作.但在镶边陆棚及缓坡模式得到了广泛认可和使用的同时,对陆表海和淹没台地型沉积未能予以足够的重视.与过去相比,现今的海平面是相对较低的,因而没有出现陆表海广泛发育的情况.但在漫长的地质历史时期,陆表海曾经覆盖了广泛的克拉通区域,是碳酸盐沉积最重要的场所之一.本文在系统总结前人成果的基础上,将用于描述大尺度碳酸盐岩沉积环境的碳酸盐台地分为镶边陆棚、缓坡、陆表海、孤立台地和淹没台地5种类型分别描述,并重点强调了陆表海和淹没台地的沉积模式.华北地台寒武系大面积分布的潮坪沉积、鲕粒滩相灰岩和竹叶状风暴砾屑灰岩,以及频繁出现的台地淹没事件,为阐明陆表海和淹没台地的沉积提供了绝佳实例.这些实例和研究表明了碳酸盐沉积环境的多样性和沉积过程的复杂性,以及将今论古的困难性,从而为碳酸盐沉积原理的认识和沉积环境的解释提供新认识和新思路.
