摘要：
为增加碳纳米管(CNTs)在铝基体中的分散性,利用机械球磨-真空热压烧结工艺制备碳纳米管/铝(CNTs/Al)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机和万能摩擦磨损实验机,研究了CNTs质量分数对CNTs/Al复合材料微观组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:CNTs经超声波预先分散后分散性增加;当CNTs质量分数为2.0％时,复合材料中CNTs与Al粉之间表现出较好的相容性;随着CNTs含量进一步增加,CNTs团聚现象严重;热压烧结温度600°C时,随着CNTs添加量的增加,铝基复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度呈现出明显的先增大后降低的趋势,同时,CNTs/Al复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率随CNTs含量的增大先减小后增加;CNTs质量分数为2.0％时,复合材料的屈服强度最大值为116 MPa,抗拉强度最大值为245 MPa,与纯Al基体相比,分别提高了78％和1.9倍.2.0％CNTs/Al复合材料可获得较好的摩擦磨损性能,其摩擦系数和磨损率呈现平缓趋势,复合材料的磨痕最浅.%In order to increase the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aluminum matrix,CNTs/Al composites were successfully fabricated by the combination of ball-milling and the vacuum sintering. The effects of CNTs contents on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and friction-wear performance of CNTs/Al composites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM),electronic universal testing and friction,and wear testing machines. Results show that the dispersion of CNTs increased after ultrasonic dispersion. When the content of CNTs was 2wt. ％,the CNTs and Al matrix composites showed better compatibility. However,with further increase of CNTs contents,the phenomenon of CNTs reunion was intense. When the sintering temperature was 600 °C,the tensile and yield strengths of CNTs/Al composites first increased and then decreased with the increase of CNTs contents. Simultaneously,the friction coefficient and wear rate of CNTs/Al composites firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of CNTs contents. When the content of CNTs was 2.0 wt. ％,the tensile and yield strengths of CNTs/Al composites reached the maximum of 245 MPa and 116 MPa,which was improved by 1.9 times and 78％ compared with pure Al matrix, respectively. In addition,the friction and wear properties of the 2wt. ％ CNTs/Al composites were better. The friction coefficient and wear rate curves of the 2wt. ％ CNTs/Al composite had a better wear performance and showed a steady state. The grinding marks of the 2wt. ％ CNTs/Al composite became smoother.
