摘要:
分析了废弃办公设备关键部件——硒鼓和墨盒的组成.采用层次分析法对硒鼓和墨盒现有处理处置技术进行评价,结果表明硒鼓和墨盒目前国内较为适宜的处理技术均为人工拆解法,评估过程中环境因素和经济效益的权重较高.研究还采用生命周期评价方法,对硒鼓和墨盒处理处置过程对环境的影响进行了评估.评价采用SimPro软件和Eco-indicator 99方法进行.评价结果显示硒鼓人工拆解的环境效益为535.2mP t高于该过程产生的环境影响(27.3mPt).环境效益主要来源于对硒鼓中塑料、金属和磁性材料的回收,以及墨粉焚烧过程中热量回收.硒鼓人工拆解过程和危险废物处理会对带来一定环境影响.墨盒人工拆解过程将带米271.0mPt的环境效益以及10.8mPt环境危害,其中环境效益是由塑料回收带来的.清洗用水、清洗试剂的使用等环节带来一定的环境影响.从人体健康、生态质量和资源保护3个指标来看,硒鼓人工拆解过程带来的环境效益,主要体现在减少对人体健康的威胁,比例约为68.4%.墨盒人工拆解带来的环境效益,主要体现在对资源的保护,比例约为84.1%.%This paper analyzed the composition of toner cartridges and ink cartridges,which are the key components of the waste office equipment.Evaluations of the toner cartridges and ink cartridges treatment technologies were conducted by adopting Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP),which included evaluation model construction,experts scoring,and evaluation.The results showed that manual dismantling.was the most suitable technology for the waste treatment of toner cartridges and ink cartridges.Additionally,the environmental factor and economic benefit presented higher weights during the evaluation process.The environmental impact of the toner cartridges and ink cartridges disposal processes were assessed through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method,employing the SimPro software and Eco-indicator 99method.It was observed that an environmental benefit of 535.2mPt could be obtained during the manual dismantling process of toner cartridges,which was higher than their environmental impact (27.3mPt).The environmental benefits mainly came from the recycling of plastics,metals and magnetic materials in toner cartridges,and the heat recovery from toner incineration.The toner cartridge dismantling process and the disposal of hazardous waste generated,could have synergistic environmental impacts.Ink cartridge manual dismantling process resulted in environmental benefits of 271.0mPt and environmental impacts of 10.8mPt.Environmental benefits mainly came from plastics recycling.The environmental impacts were caused by the consumption of water and washing reagents for ink cartridges cleaning,and electricity for housing plastics crushing.From the point of view of these three indicators-human health,ecosystem quality and resources,the most significant environmental benefit brought by the toner cartridge manual dismantling process was due to reduction in the threats to human health by 68.4%.Meanwhile,the most significant environmental benefit by ink cartridges manual dismantling was 84.1% conservation resources.