摘要：
矿物质元素是动物生长发育和生命活动必需的营养.为了更好地开展普氏原羚的保护工作,对普氏原羚主要栖息地的青海湖布哈河上游地区高寒草甸的矿物质营养分布特点进行了系统的分析.应用显微分析法分析动物食性,采取电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析矿物质含量.结果发现,牧草萌发期的混合牧草硒和铜元素含量极显著高于牧草快速生长期(Cu,F2,27=3.27,P=0.008;Se,F2,27=3.27,P=0.009),但牧草枯黄期与萌发期间无显著差异.不同牧草品种体内的矿物质元素含量也存在明显的差异,唐古特铁线莲、沙蒿、芨芨草是主要的高硒植物,其中芨芨草硒含量最高.芨芨草是普氏原羚的基本食物,占总食物的13.68％,但不是普氏原羚的喜食植物(选择性指数为-0.886).碱蒿、冷蒿、紫花针茅是主要的高铜植物,其中紫花针茅的铜含量最高,是普氏原羚的主要食物,占总食物的9.40％,但不是普氏原羚的喜食植物(选择性指数为0.037).因此,对放牧动物来说,普氏原羚栖息地存在严重的矿物质营养不平衡问题,属于严重硒缺乏区,季节性铜硒缺乏区,普氏原羚基本食物是高硒植物芨芨草,增加了其食物的平均硒含量,普氏原羚的主要食物是含铜量最高的紫花针茅,增加了其食物的平均铜含量.增加牧场高硒和高铜植物的比例,提高土壤牧草的硒和铜元素的含量和扩大普氏原羚的采食范围都是保护普氏原羚的主要措施.%Mineral nutrition is essential for higher forms of animal life.This study investigated mineral nutrition distributions in the habitats of Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii).Dietary analysis of the Przewalski's gazelle has already been done by microanalysis.Mineral concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.We found that concentrations of selenium in the soil and forage of the gazelle's habitats were significantly lower than that in healthy areas.The copper nutrition of forage was also significantly lower than that in healthy areas during the herbage growing period.The contents of copper and selenium in forage in the seeding period were significantly higher than in the growing period (Cu,F2,27 =3.27,P=0.008;Se,F2,27 =3.27,P=0.009).There were no significant differences in the mineral contents of forage between the seeding and withering periods.Ramulus clematidis (Clematis tangutica),sand sagebrush (Artemisia desertorum) and shining speargrass (Achnatherum splendens) were found to be rich in selenium,with shining speargrass having the highest selenium content.Speargrass is not a preferred forage plant for Przewalski's gazelle (selectivity indices=-0.886,food from shining speargrass made up 13.68％).Artemisia abrotanum (Artemisia anethifolia),artemisia frigida willd (Artemisia frigida) and Stipa purpurea were found to be rich in copper,with S.purpurea having the highest content.S.purpurea is not a preferred forage plant for Przewalski's gazelle (selectivity indices=0.037,food from S.purpurea made up 9.40％).This study shows that there is a severe selenium deficiency in Przewalski's gazelle's habitats in the Qinghai Lake watershed area.The copper content of forage is rich in the seeding and withering periods.There are significant temporal dynamics in the mineral contents of herbage.Shining speargrass increases the selenium content in Przewalski's gazelle's food,and S.purpurea adds copper content.Approaches to restocking the Przewalski's gazelle population should include increased percentages of such selenium and copper rich plants.
